‘邪說’·‘誣告’·‘邪學’ 事件과 ‘辛酉獄事’ - 『推案及鞫案』의 姜彝天 推鞫 事件을 중심으로 - (Political Incidents that Involved ‘Wrong Information(邪說)’, ‘False Accusations(誣告)’ and ‘Wicked Studies(邪學),’ and the “Shin’yu-Year Purge”[辛酉獄事]- Examination of the Gang Ih-Cheon(姜彝天) Interrogation[推鞫])

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산경남사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와경계 / 122호 / 283 ~ 335페이지
· 저자명 : 김정자

초록

正祖는 外戚 세력을 견제하며 老·少論, 南·小北人 세력을 정계에 진출시키는 ‘右賢左戚’과 ‘調劑保合’의 蕩平政治를 지향했다. 정조 19년 莊獻世子(=思悼世子) 추숭을 주장했던 소론계 鄭東浚의 사후, 湖西 유생 상소와 관련한 ‘金履翼 사건’이 일어났다. 정조 21년 小北系 姜彛天을 정동준 세력과 연관지으려는 告變 사건이 일어났고, 정조는 유배 보내면서 무마했다. 정조 22년에 金履源은 恩彦君 赦免·伸冤 관련 ‘邪說’ 사안으로 유배 처분을 받았다.
純祖 초 ‘僻派政權’은 ‘時派’ 세력을 논척했다. 순조 1년에 ‘金履正 疏章’이 재론되었고, 안동 김문 내에서는 ‘벽파정권’에서 논척을 당하는 세력과 논척을 하는 세력으로 分歧했다.
순조 1년 신유년 동안 ‘邪學’과 관련해서는 信西派 남인 세력들로 시작해서 ‘강이천 추국 사건’·‘호남옥사’·‘황사영 백서 사건’으로, ‘邪說’·‘誣告’와 관련해서는 정조 측근 세력들로 시작해서 ‘강이천 추국 사건’과 홍낙임·은언군 사사, ‘윤행임 사건’으로 연결되는 ‘辛酉邪獄’·‘辛酉迫害’를 포함한 ‘辛酉獄事’가 진행되었다. ‘사학’과 ‘사설’·‘무고’가 혼합된 사건이 ‘강이천 추국 사건’이었다.
‘강이천 추국 사건’은 정조 후반과 순조 초반의 정치적 상황과 『추안급국안』의 심문과 추국과정을 통해서 살펴본 결과, 천주학 또는 반역과 관련해서라기 보다는 ‘벽파정권’이 홍낙임·은언군을 사사하고, 안동 김문 세력을 견제하며, 노·소론과 남·소북인 내 정조 측근 세력·청론 세력·장헌세자(=사도세자) 추숭 세력·신서파 세력을 논척하던 ‘신유옥사’ 속 ‘사설’·‘무고’·‘사학’ 사건이었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

영어초록

King Jeongjo(正祖) tried to put the Joseon royal family’s in-law houses(外戚) in check, and aspired to engage in Tangpyeong politics[蕩平政治], enlisting not only the Westerner party’s Noron(老論) and Soron(少論) factions, but the Southerners[Namin, 南人] and the Sobuk(小北) faction as well, under the catchphrase of “Having both the Wise and the In-laws at side[右賢左戚],” and “Compromise and Reconciliation[調劑保合].” In the 19th year of King Jeongjo’s reign, and after the death of Jeong Dong-jun(鄭東浚) who was a member of the Soron faction and had argued for the reinstatement of the late Crown-prince Jangheon[莊獻世子(思悼世子))’s honor, occurred was the so-called “Kim Ih-ik(金履翼) incident,” which was related to an appeal submitted to the King from a Hoseo(湖西) region Confucian scholar. And in Jeongjo’s 21st year, an accusation was made against Gang Ih-cheon(姜彛天) who was a member of the Sobuk faction, linking a rumor implicating Gang with the Jeong Dong-jun party. but Jeongjo closed the matter by sending them into exile. Then in the next year, Kim Ih-weon(金履源) was exiled for being involved in a ‘Wrong information’ scandal.
In the early days of King Sunjo(純祖)’s reign, the so-called Byeokpa(僻派) administration went after the late King Jeongjo’s closest aides. During the Shin’yu-year purge which broke out in the King’s first year, the “Kim Ih-jeong(金履正) case” was reopened and members of the Andong Kim house were placed under inspection and criticism. As a result, the Andong Kim house was divided between members who were in charge of the inspection, and members who were on the receiving end of it. This was indeed a condition that was shared by all parties under the Byeokpa regime. Meanwhile, also reopened was the “Gang Ih-cheon interrogation” case, as it was an incident of a nature involving both issues of ‘Wrong information’ and ‘Wicked studies’.
The “Shin’yu-year Purge” was a large political tornado, as it included many sub-incidents, including the (1) ‘Shinseo-pa(信西派)’ branch of the Southerners, the Gang Ih-cheon incident and the ‘Honam Incarceration[湖南獄事]’ and the ‘Hwang Sa-yeong(黃嗣永) incident,’ which were all related to the issue of ‘Wicked studies,’ (2) the Gang Ih-cheon incident and the Yun Haeng-im(尹行恁) incident(August) which were implicated in issues of both ‘False accusations’ and ‘Wrong information’.
Previous studies have usually interpreted the meaning of the Gang Ih-cheon incident within the context of ‘Spreading of Christianity’ or a ‘Treacherous intent’ of a particular person. But the political climate of Jeongjo’s reign’s latter half and the early days of Sunjo suggests otherwise. Examination of the entire inquiry process documented in the Investigation and Interrogation reveals that within the “Shin’yu-year Purge,” which also included the ‘Shin’yu-year Oppression’ and the ‘Shin’yu-year Incarceration’, incidents related to the issue of reinstating and commemorating the late Crown prince Jangheon were of a nature of ‘Wrong information’, while incidents of ‘False accusations’ fell upon Jeongjo’s closest aides, and issues of ‘Wicked studies’ implicated the Shinseo-pa branch and Kim Geon-sun of the Andong Kim house.

참고자료

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