박경리의 초기 단편소설의 서사적 거리감에 따른 변화 양상 (The type of change by the narrative distance shown on the Park Kyoung-Ri's beginning day's short stories)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 돈암어문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 돈암어문학 / 27권 / 217 ~ 251페이지
· 저자명 : 김예니

초록

박경리 초기단편소설을 둘러싼 기존의 논의는 1950년대 발표한 단편들 전반을 대상으로 평가했다고 보기 어렵다. 그래서 기존 연구대상에서 소외되었던 작품 역시 평가의 대상으로 삼고 서사적 거리감에 따른 작품의 완성도를 평가함으로써 1950년대 박경리의 문학적 독창성과 작품의 의미를 연구하고자 한다. <計算>, <黑黑白白>, <剪刀>의 여성주인공은 아직 타자와 교류하지 못하고 사회적 주체로서의 인식이 없으며 미성숙하다. 하지만 <不信時代>에 이르러선 처참한 상황에서도 살아내는 가난한 사람들이라는 ‘타자’를 발견하면서 자아의 사회화에 대한 의지와 계기를 마련했고, <반딧불>에 이르면 자전적 요소를 공유하더라도 작가와 등장인물간의 거리가 좀 더 멀어진 것을 확인할 수 있다. <반딧불>에서는 전쟁이전이라는 보다 먼 시공간을 선택함으로써 작가는 전쟁의 상흔을 다룰 때보다 더 서사적 거리감을 확보하였고, 이를 통해 여성주인공의 성격이 왜 결벽증적으로 형성되었는지 설득력 있게 보여줄 수 있었던 것이다.
그리고 자전적 요소가 없는 작품들을 살펴보면, <僻地>, <어느 正午의 決定>, <비는 내린다>와 같은 연애서사가 주를 이루는 작품들과 <군食口>, <海東旅館의 迷那>, <道標없는 길>과 같은 기존 여성주인공이 아닌 남자, 아이를 주인공으로 내세운 전혀 다른 특징의 작품들이 있다. 그중 <僻地>, <어느 正午의 決定>, <비는 내린다>는 낭만적 사랑이야기로 운명의 하강국면에서 오는 비극성을 특성으로 한다. 이런 연애서사에서는 자전적 요소가 사라지고 사랑하는 대상에 대한 추구를 통해 낭만적 사랑을 성취하려 하기에 내러티브가 강조된다. 그리고 <군食口>, <道標 없는 길>, <海東旅館의 迷那>에서 작가는 자신의 분신이 아닌 남성이나 아이를 주인공으로 내세워 인물의 다양화와 구체화를 통해 대상과의 서사적 거리를 더욱 확실하게 확보하게 된다. 현실인식이 치열하게 나타나진 않지만 그 시대를 살아가는 인간 군상들의 구체적인 모습이 묘사되고 생동감 있는 인물들을 통해 박경리 특유의 소설적 재미와 미학적 가치가 더욱 잘 드러나 있다고 할 수 있다. 이는 <道標 없는 길>에서 더욱 잘 드러난다. 초기소설이 보여주는 비극성의 특징은 어쩔 수 없는 상황에서 세상과 타협하지 못하면서 ‘자기소외’를 스스로 선택하고 이를 통해 세상에 섞이지 않는 것으로 소극적인 반항을 시도하지만 그 결말은 비극이고 운명을 바꿀 수 없다는 점에서 더욱 그러하다. 그리고 고통으로부터 벗어나 정신적 승리를 이루는 방식의 신화화 역시 거부하며 세상에 대한 대결의식을 버리지 않은 채, 묵묵히 자신의 운명을 감당하고자 하는 인물들은 숭고하기까지 하다. 시공간이 흐릿하여 현실인식이나 고발정신 역시 후퇴한 점이 있지만, 능동적 인물들을 창조한 덕분에 박경리 문학세계의 독창성이 드러난다고 할 수 있다.

영어초록

A disbate on Park Kyungli’s short stories on her beginning carrier has been based on the following appraisal;One is to show the excess of subjectivity and the margin of her recognition to real presence through her short stories having her own autobiographic elements and the other is to find the protoplasm (the original form) of “THE LAND” from her beginning time’s short stories.. If we call Park Kyung Li as the writer of “THE LAND”, it is regarded very different to evaluate the subject of all the short stories she published in 1950 years.
Therefore, this paper aims to study Park Kyungli’s originality in the literature in 1950 years and the meaning of her works by evaluating overall short stories at her beginning carrier and appraising all the works without her autobiographic elements, after reviewing all the weoks which had been discussed so many times till now.
The heroin in “the Calculation” “Black and White=Good or bad” didn’t coordinate with the other persons and had no understanding about social independence and immature, but we can find the distance between the writer and charactors at the “the Gloom of a firefly” through “ the Disbelief era” and “Youngjoo and cats”, even though they are containing autobiographic elements. In the “Gloom of firefly”, the summary on the death in the battle which can explain their existing figure is described, which shows its heroin how to promote her characteristic to misophobia. This results in making the complicity of the works heightened with showing the recognition to her presence with more persuasive power. After “disbelief era”, the writer had tried to keep her narrative distance the characteristic of heroin’s misophobia, but “the disbelief era” shows heroin’s promise that I will not obey the destiny in front of myself, as long as I live. This means that there are some to survive through a bloody circumstance before battle or after war, and there are understanding of defiant meaning which it has and how important it is to make themselves survived. We can find more difference (distance feeling) to the reality and pains and war than yesterday in the “Youngjoo and cats” and “ the returned child”.
If we read some works having no autobiographic elements, there are some works with its romantic theme as like “refugee”, “the decision made in a noon” and “it rains” and “extra family” “A maze of Haedong Inn” and “Road without a sign post” which takes man or boy as hero, differently from others. Among them, “the refugee” “the decision made in a noon” “ It rains” shows their percularity of tragedy coming from the falling phase of destiny with romantic story telling. The tragedy of such kind of romantic storytelling is blamed of heroin’s negative attitude to the love and can be explained due to the lovw which can not get an acceptance from the real present society. Therefore It is judged that Park Kyungli’s romantic novel is more tragedic than any other, because of the fatal destiny to run inevitably up under the circumstance not requiring man’s effort.
The tragedy on the destiny is better shown in “the extra family” “The road without sign post” “ A maze of Haedong Inn”. These works had some identifying marks to keep the distance between the object and the descrition very well by making man or boy as hero who is not writer’s own self.
Even though showing the recognition to the real presence very intensely, they can bring out Park Kyunglli a peculiar novelistic interest and aesthetics’s value through charactors being full of life and having a concrete figure of a large group of people.
So, The real value in Park Kungli literutre is proved in imaging the figures of the masses very well who are living at that era through concrete and real charactors being full of life.
This is shown in “the road without sign post”The Peculiarity of tragedy in her works at her beginning time is to choose by herself her own alienation without her good negotiation with the society and to try a negative resistence by not mixing herself with society through such kind of social understanding, but its ending comes to the tragedy and it is more tragedic because the destiny can not be changed.
Futhermore, all the charactors in this circumstance represent the maximized tragedy by showing their own attitude to burden their destiny as a yoke put on their back. The charactors in the short stories by Park Kyungli have their own understanding on the tragedic world through the pessimistic and painful way, but made a firm promise to keep a strong living power in them. And also they dare to refuse the mythological way to get a spiritual win out of their pains, and shows the real tangibility to stand on the society without discarding their confrontation consciousness against the society.
The originality of Park kyungli’s literature world is shown therefrom.

참고자료

· 없음