蒙元제국의 雲南統治와 諸 종족간의 소통 (The governance of the Yunnan region by the Mongol-Yuan empire and cooperative interactions among various tribes)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동양사학연구 / 114호 / 115 ~ 154페이지
· 저자명 : 배숙희

초록

The mongols conquered the kingdom of Dali, establishing Yunnanxingsheng, causing the center of economy, culture and politics in the region to move to Zhongqing which even thesedays still remains as the center of Yunnan province.
The Yuan empire's conquest of Dali was not necessitated simply to conquer the Yunnan region, it was rather to initiate the conquest of Southern Sung, which was the most important task and the greatest goal. After the demise of Southern Sung, the Yunnan region was recognized as an important base of militery operations that had great potential for the Yuan empire to launch military campaigns into the neighoring contries such as Vietnam and Burma. thus the Yunnan region acquired and demonstrated strategic importance in the South-western regison. soldiers from the various tribes of Yunnan including Cunbaijun drafted locally from the conquered Yunan region played an important role in conquering the neighboring countries. However, due to the expeditions into the south-eastern regions the Zong kings were able to gain the control of the soldies of local native people such as Cunbaijun in the Yunnan region.
The governing policy of the Yuan empire toward the Yunnan region became settled in place after Yunnanxingsheng was established at the 11th year of Zhiyuan(1274), and Sayyid'Ajall was appointed as Derector of political affairs, who enforced the cultural and educational policy in the region. Under Ajall's governance various officials of Xingsheng exerted serious efforts to spread Confusianism while Ruxuetijusi was founded as a government organization directly belonging to Xingsheng and being put into charge of the cultural and educational policies to promote Han culture. Also, each Xingsheng as a unit organized and administerated Xiangshi, the primary state examination, acculerating in having the chinese culture transplanted and propagated in the region. Furthermore, Confucian rituals were practiced, too. officials in Yunnanxingsheng are mongolians and muslims in large portion while Liuguan were appointed as officials in charge of the education and the state examinations. Cunbai interpreter and translator started as a Li, entering the officialdome, being mostly from Baizu,a local tribe and lived their public lives in serving the government within the Yunnan region. Previously Buddhism prevailed in the Dali kingdom. However, due to the governance of the mongol empire in Yunnan region was transformed in a certain degree into a society where Han culture prevailed and the chinese administrative system was enforced.
Cunbai interpreter and translator in the Yunnan region were appointed in areas where the various tribes dwelled together in mixing. This caused the earlier establishment of Yunnanxingsheng than any other Xingsheng. In the beginning of enforcing the appoint system appointment period was shorter in the Yunnan region than in other regions. Also, the Cunbai interpreter and translator were transfered from one location to other location within the Yunnan region. A Cunbai interpreter and translator translated communicating documents between the central government and a local Xingsheng. The people who were appointed as Cunbai interpreter and translator were mostly from the representative tribe, Boren(nowadays Baizu). This reflects the facts that the mongols needed cooperations from the natives in Yunnan region who were well educated in the local culture when the mongols control the Yunnan region. This would promote communications and interactions between the two different cultures of the mongols and the Yunnan natives.
During the mongol and Yuan period, the mongols, the muslims and the Hans were drafted and mobilized. This was nicessary partly to conquer the Dali kingdom and govern the Yunnan region, and partly to conquer the neighboring southeastern region. It was worth of noticing that a mongolian women in upper class married a man of Baizu while the muslims in an upper society married persons of the same society.

영어초록

The mongols conquered the kingdom of Dali, establishing Yunnanxingsheng, causing the center of economy, culture and politics in the region to move to Zhongqing which even thesedays still remains as the center of Yunnan province.
The Yuan empire's conquest of Dali was not necessitated simply to conquer the Yunnan region, it was rather to initiate the conquest of Southern Sung, which was the most important task and the greatest goal. After the demise of Southern Sung, the Yunnan region was recognized as an important base of militery operations that had great potential for the Yuan empire to launch military campaigns into the neighoring contries such as Vietnam and Burma. thus the Yunnan region acquired and demonstrated strategic importance in the South-western regison. soldiers from the various tribes of Yunnan including Cunbaijun drafted locally from the conquered Yunan region played an important role in conquering the neighboring countries. However, due to the expeditions into the south-eastern regions the Zong kings were able to gain the control of the soldies of local native people such as Cunbaijun in the Yunnan region.
The governing policy of the Yuan empire toward the Yunnan region became settled in place after Yunnanxingsheng was established at the 11th year of Zhiyuan(1274), and Sayyid'Ajall was appointed as Derector of political affairs, who enforced the cultural and educational policy in the region. Under Ajall's governance various officials of Xingsheng exerted serious efforts to spread Confusianism while Ruxuetijusi was founded as a government organization directly belonging to Xingsheng and being put into charge of the cultural and educational policies to promote Han culture. Also, each Xingsheng as a unit organized and administerated Xiangshi, the primary state examination, acculerating in having the chinese culture transplanted and propagated in the region. Furthermore, Confucian rituals were practiced, too. officials in Yunnanxingsheng are mongolians and muslims in large portion while Liuguan were appointed as officials in charge of the education and the state examinations. Cunbai interpreter and translator started as a Li, entering the officialdome, being mostly from Baizu,a local tribe and lived their public lives in serving the government within the Yunnan region. Previously Buddhism prevailed in the Dali kingdom. However, due to the governance of the mongol empire in Yunnan region was transformed in a certain degree into a society where Han culture prevailed and the chinese administrative system was enforced.
Cunbai interpreter and translator in the Yunnan region were appointed in areas where the various tribes dwelled together in mixing. This caused the earlier establishment of Yunnanxingsheng than any other Xingsheng. In the beginning of enforcing the appoint system appointment period was shorter in the Yunnan region than in other regions. Also, the Cunbai interpreter and translator were transfered from one location to other location within the Yunnan region. A Cunbai interpreter and translator translated communicating documents between the central government and a local Xingsheng. The people who were appointed as Cunbai interpreter and translator were mostly from the representative tribe, Boren(nowadays Baizu). This reflects the facts that the mongols needed cooperations from the natives in Yunnan region who were well educated in the local culture when the mongols control the Yunnan region. This would promote communications and interactions between the two different cultures of the mongols and the Yunnan natives.
During the mongol and Yuan period, the mongols, the muslims and the Hans were drafted and mobilized. This was nicessary partly to conquer the Dali kingdom and govern the Yunnan region, and partly to conquer the neighboring southeastern region. It was worth of noticing that a mongolian women in upper class married a man of Baizu while the muslims in an upper society married persons of the same society.

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