秦簡文字에 나타난 通假字 考察 (A Study on the The Different Forms of Characters(通假字) in QinJian(秦簡))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 조선대학교 인문학연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 인문학연구 / 64호 / 177 ~ 217페이지
· 저자명 : 이상기

초록

古文字 자료 가운데 秦文字에 대한 실물 자료는 『石鼓文』을 제외하고는 거의 찾아 볼 수 없다. 다행히 戰國 末期에서 秦初의 것으로 보이는 가장 완비된 肉筆文字인 『睡虎地秦簡』이 출토되자 歷史考古學界뿐만 아니라 古文字學界에서도 秦簡文字에 대한 정리와 연구가 속출하고 있는데, 이는 秦이 六國을 통일하기까지의 文字現象을 이해하는데 매우 중요한 근거 자료가 되고 있다.
秦簡文字는 古文字의 자형 특징을 보존하고 있기 때문에 古文字를 考釋하는데도 중요한 실마리가 되고 있으며, 더욱 중요한 것은 秦簡文字에는 대량의 異體字․通假字 등을 保有하고 있다는 점이다. 이런 것들은 古文字․古漢語를 연구하는데도 중요한 자료가 된다.
本稿에서는 通假字의 형성 배경 및 辨析을 알아보고, 例擧와 함께 그 가치를 고찰해 보고자 한다.

영어초록

In Shuihudi QinJian(睡虎地秦簡), large amounts of documents on loan characters have been preserved, which is an important proof of the study of ancient pronunciation. And it was written as transitional writing style between seal scripts(篆书) and official scripts(隷书), therefore, it has filled up a blank in the development of Chinese characters, allowing all to know about how it looks like and it also has been known that Official Scripts got its initial form, as a matter of fact, from Qin Dynasty and in the meantime, some mistaken concepts concerning Qin official scripts have been corrected, which is of great significance in the history of Chinese literature.
However, the relationship between sound and meaning is reflected in characters of same source; whereas the relationship between shape and meaning is reflected in different forms of characters(通假字), loan characters and ancient and modern characters reflect the relationship among shape, sound and meaning.
It can be known that from the ancient documents, the phenomenon of the use of loan characters, especially from the Pre-Dynaty documents, there had been large amounts of the ways of using loan characters, and from the fact of the frequent use of 1297 loan characters, it can also be seen that there used to be a wide use of loan characters. On the other hand, in QinJian of Shuihudi, although the loan characters as well as original characters which had a great relationship in original characters have a larger proportion, with the same pronunciation as well as sound proximity, they could be used commonly, demonstrating that phonetic transcription was given priority in the use of characters at that time. The loan characters in QinJian have shown the practical situation in the use of loan characters from Warring States Period to Period to Qin Dynasty.

참고자료

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