인류문명의 시원인 유프라테스 -티그리스 강 종합개발계획 GAP 프로젝트가 중동 경제문화에 끼치는 영향- (The Influence of the GAP Project(Tigris-Euphrates Rivers' Development Project) of Turkey to the Middle Eastern Economy and Culture)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산경남사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와경계 / 71호 / 57 ~ 87페이지
· 저자명 : 이희수

초록

The Tigris-Euphrates Rivers were the cradle of the early Mesopotamian civilizations and irrigation made it possible for the locals to develop agriculture. This resulted in the development of great ancient civilizations, where water played an important starting role. Mesopotamia, the land between the Euphrates and the Tigris, remained as the center of many different civilizations and gave life to millions of inhabitants.
The GAP utilizing the two rivers, is a multi-sectoral and integrated regional development project based on the concept of sustainable development. Its basic aim is to eliminate regional development disparities by raising people's income level and living standards: and to contribute to such national development targets as social stability and economic growth by enhancing the productive and employment generating capacity of rural sector.
The project area covers 9 provinces in the Euphrates-Tigris basins and Upper Mesopotamia plains(Adiyaman, Batman, Diyarbakir, Gazientep, Kilis, Mardin, Siirt, Sanliurfa and Sirnak) of Turkey. Bordered by Syria to the south and Iraq to the southeast, the GAP region extends over an area of 9.7% of the total territory of Turkey.
Therefore, GAP project also creates a great deal of resentment from Syria and Iraq, the other riparians of the basin. The tensions over the waters of the basin have reached internationally acknowledged levels, and a lack of cooperation among the riparians confronted the world with a new potential conflict area. This situation threatens the delicate political stability in the Middle East, and further polarization in the region continues with Turkey and Israel's alliance against Syria, Iran, and Iraq.
Another important disaster being caused by the GAP project is the environmental and cultural demage in the region. By the construction of many dams and change of water flow of two rivers since 1976, about 400 villages have been submerged totally or partly and 200,000 villagers have been faced to abandon their home town. In addition, such historic relics as Zeugma, important Greek-Roman city and Hasankeyf, 10,000 years ancient city are also faced to disappear. These cases give contradictory example for peoples how to harmonize between social development and preservation of cultural heritage.
The Euphrates-Tigris basin is one of the most important waterways in the world and plays an extreme important role in the future of water availability in the Middle East. The article is an in-depth analysis about socio-cultural-economic influence of the GAP project in Turkey and neighbour countries in the Middle East.

영어초록

The Tigris-Euphrates Rivers were the cradle of the early Mesopotamian civilizations and irrigation made it possible for the locals to develop agriculture. This resulted in the development of great ancient civilizations, where water played an important starting role. Mesopotamia, the land between the Euphrates and the Tigris, remained as the center of many different civilizations and gave life to millions of inhabitants.
The GAP utilizing the two rivers, is a multi-sectoral and integrated regional development project based on the concept of sustainable development. Its basic aim is to eliminate regional development disparities by raising people's income level and living standards: and to contribute to such national development targets as social stability and economic growth by enhancing the productive and employment generating capacity of rural sector.
The project area covers 9 provinces in the Euphrates-Tigris basins and Upper Mesopotamia plains(Adiyaman, Batman, Diyarbakir, Gazientep, Kilis, Mardin, Siirt, Sanliurfa and Sirnak) of Turkey. Bordered by Syria to the south and Iraq to the southeast, the GAP region extends over an area of 9.7% of the total territory of Turkey.
Therefore, GAP project also creates a great deal of resentment from Syria and Iraq, the other riparians of the basin. The tensions over the waters of the basin have reached internationally acknowledged levels, and a lack of cooperation among the riparians confronted the world with a new potential conflict area. This situation threatens the delicate political stability in the Middle East, and further polarization in the region continues with Turkey and Israel's alliance against Syria, Iran, and Iraq.
Another important disaster being caused by the GAP project is the environmental and cultural demage in the region. By the construction of many dams and change of water flow of two rivers since 1976, about 400 villages have been submerged totally or partly and 200,000 villagers have been faced to abandon their home town. In addition, such historic relics as Zeugma, important Greek-Roman city and Hasankeyf, 10,000 years ancient city are also faced to disappear. These cases give contradictory example for peoples how to harmonize between social development and preservation of cultural heritage.
The Euphrates-Tigris basin is one of the most important waterways in the world and plays an extreme important role in the future of water availability in the Middle East. The article is an in-depth analysis about socio-cultural-economic influence of the GAP project in Turkey and neighbour countries in the Middle East.

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