北魏 均田制 하의 桑田과 課(租·調)의 관계에 대한 檢討 (A Study on the Relation between Sang Tien(桑田) and Ke(課) under Jun Tien Zhi(均田制) in Pei Wei(北魏) Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산경남사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와경계 / 69호 / 293 ~ 337페이지
· 저자명 : 백윤목

초록

In this study I have examined the relation between Sang Tien(桑田) and Ke(課) through researching whether Ke of Sang Tien is Tiao(調) or Tsu·Tiao(租·調) under Jun Tien Zhi(均田制) in Pei Wei(北魏) Dynasty. The result is that Ke of Sang Tien is Tiao.
The past study argued that 20 Mu(畝) Sang Tien was not Shou Tien(受田) but Ji Tien(給田) and it payed Ke because it was Ji Tien. And also that 19 Mu of 20 Mu Sang Tien was Sang Liang Jian Zuo Di(桑糧間作地) that Sang(桑) and cereals(穀物) were grown together as Shou Tien Ji Zhu E(受田 基準額) that the family of Shou Tien Zhe(受田者) could use in order to maintain their lives, such as their food and clothing. So Sang Tien took the exclusive charge of Tsu·Tiao. However, I investigated that the terms'Shou Tien' and'Ji Tien' were used as the same meaning under Jun Tien Zhi in Pei Wei Dynasty, and that·Ji Tien' as well as'Shou Tien' of Tien Zhong(田種) could pay Ke. Also the past study argued that Article II of Jun Tien Fa(均田法) applied to all of Tien Zhong under Jun Tien Zhi. However, I investigated that Article II of Jun Tien Fa could not apply to any other Tien Zhong but Lu Tien(露田), and proved that Lu Tien which became Shou Tien could pay Ke because growing plants in Lu Tien were farm products and also that Ke was the very Tsu. Moreover, I made sure that Shou Tien of Lu Tien payed Ke by the data that Shou Tien Zhe who received only Lu Tien had to pay Ke. According to the above researches Sang Tien could not take the exclusive charge of Tsu·Tiao because Ke of Lu Tien was the very Tsu(租). As the result that I investigated from the various aspects the contents of Sang Tien that appeared in Jun Tien Fa of Pei Wei Dynasty and "Qi Min Yao Shu(『齊民要術』)", the main growing plants of Sang Tien was Sang. Therefore, I investigated that Ke of Sang Tien was also Tiao under the presupposition that Ke of Tien Zhong was determined by the growing plants of that Tien Zhong.
From this above study I came to the conclusion that Lu Tien took the charge of Tsu and Sang Tien took the charge of Tiao from the relation between Tien Zhong and Ke in Sang Xiang(桑鄕) under Jun Tien Zhi. In other words, even Tien Zhong which was contained to Shou Tien Ji Zhu E under Jun Tien Zhi was Sang Tien and Lu Tien because Sang Tien had to solve clothing of Shou Tien Zhe family and Lu Tien had to solve food of Shou Tien Zhe family. Therefore, I come to the conclusion that only 20 Mu Sang Tien could not be Shou Tien Ji Zhu E, so Ke of 20 Mu Sang Tien was the very Tiao.

영어초록

In this study I have examined the relation between Sang Tien(桑田) and Ke(課) through researching whether Ke of Sang Tien is Tiao(調) or Tsu·Tiao(租·調) under Jun Tien Zhi(均田制) in Pei Wei(北魏) Dynasty. The result is that Ke of Sang Tien is Tiao.
The past study argued that 20 Mu(畝) Sang Tien was not Shou Tien(受田) but Ji Tien(給田) and it payed Ke because it was Ji Tien. And also that 19 Mu of 20 Mu Sang Tien was Sang Liang Jian Zuo Di(桑糧間作地) that Sang(桑) and cereals(穀物) were grown together as Shou Tien Ji Zhu E(受田 基準額) that the family of Shou Tien Zhe(受田者) could use in order to maintain their lives, such as their food and clothing. So Sang Tien took the exclusive charge of Tsu·Tiao. However, I investigated that the terms'Shou Tien' and'Ji Tien' were used as the same meaning under Jun Tien Zhi in Pei Wei Dynasty, and that·Ji Tien' as well as'Shou Tien' of Tien Zhong(田種) could pay Ke. Also the past study argued that Article II of Jun Tien Fa(均田法) applied to all of Tien Zhong under Jun Tien Zhi. However, I investigated that Article II of Jun Tien Fa could not apply to any other Tien Zhong but Lu Tien(露田), and proved that Lu Tien which became Shou Tien could pay Ke because growing plants in Lu Tien were farm products and also that Ke was the very Tsu. Moreover, I made sure that Shou Tien of Lu Tien payed Ke by the data that Shou Tien Zhe who received only Lu Tien had to pay Ke. According to the above researches Sang Tien could not take the exclusive charge of Tsu·Tiao because Ke of Lu Tien was the very Tsu(租). As the result that I investigated from the various aspects the contents of Sang Tien that appeared in Jun Tien Fa of Pei Wei Dynasty and "Qi Min Yao Shu(『齊民要術』)", the main growing plants of Sang Tien was Sang. Therefore, I investigated that Ke of Sang Tien was also Tiao under the presupposition that Ke of Tien Zhong was determined by the growing plants of that Tien Zhong.
From this above study I came to the conclusion that Lu Tien took the charge of Tsu and Sang Tien took the charge of Tiao from the relation between Tien Zhong and Ke in Sang Xiang(桑鄕) under Jun Tien Zhi. In other words, even Tien Zhong which was contained to Shou Tien Ji Zhu E under Jun Tien Zhi was Sang Tien and Lu Tien because Sang Tien had to solve clothing of Shou Tien Zhe family and Lu Tien had to solve food of Shou Tien Zhe family. Therefore, I come to the conclusion that only 20 Mu Sang Tien could not be Shou Tien Ji Zhu E, so Ke of 20 Mu Sang Tien was the very Tiao.

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