17～18세기 對日 외교․교역과 매[鷹] (A Falcon[鷹] on Foreign Policy and Trade Exchanges with Japan in the 17th～18th Centuries)

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· 발행기관 : 효원사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 세계 / 34권 / 95 ~ 136페이지
· 저자명 : 김경미

초록

A Falcon[鷹] on Foreign Policy and Trade Exchanges with Japan in the 17th～18th Centuries

Kim, Kyoung-Mi


Falcons were the principal exports traded with Japan in the latter part of Joseon. Because the falcons of Joseon had been well known as their excellency, they were what the countries around Joseon wanted to have. Especially Japan had a political structure ruled by warriors so Japanese liked hunting falcons. On account of that, Japanese would like to trade superior falcons. Tsushima was where the falcons were traded. As Tsushima was in charge of the Import Department about the falcons, they presented the falcons of Joseon to Shogun and the other influential persons.
Japanese had largely two ways of getting the falcons of Joseon. First, Tongsinsa(通信使) - Royal embassies to Tokugawa Japan - and Munwihaeng(問慰行) - embassies to Tsushima - gave the falcons as presents. Second, when Younraesongsa(年例送使), embassies of Japan visited in Joseon, Joseon gave the falcons as gifts about Japanese presentation. And Japanese would ask for trading falcon. The trade of the falcons based on the courtesy which they gave and took gifts from. In the midieval trade, it was a feature that diplomacy wasn't devided into trade.
The falcons were the symbol of luxurious articles by the demand of the ruling class. However, it was a singularity that falcons were not able to be produced. It wasn't easy to offer the falcons as Japanese wanted. Since trading falcons was led by the government, supplying falcons was also fulfilled by the government. The falcons were supplied in the Gyeongsang-do and the Gangwon-do near Japanese government office. But in case that they couldn't make good, they were helped by merchants or a private person. As the falcon was the barter that had the diplomatic feature, Joseon tried to trade smoothly.
However as the diplomatic feature of trade war getting weaker, the diplomatic role that the falcon had was decreasing. Besides, Japanese demand of the falcons also decreased since Tokugawa Tsunayoshi prohibited hunting the falcons. Trading falcons was hesitated for quite some time. Tokugawa Yoshimune allowed that again, Japanese asked for trading falcons. But the amount of the trade wasn't as much as former times. Joseon gave rice or cotton instead of the falcons. The amount of rice and cotton were increased more and more. Joseon gave all as rice and cotton in the end of 18th century.
The falcons, the main goods of trading with Japan in the latter part of Joseon was the trade concerns item that had strongly the diplomatic feature. As time went by, the diplomatic feature of trade was getting weaker. And Japanese demand was also decreased so trading falcons was be reduced. Because Japanese demand was decreased, the need for trading was disappeared. And Joseon didn't have to bear supplying the falcons that couldn't fulfill the diplomatic role.

영어초록

A Falcon[鷹] on Foreign Policy and Trade Exchanges with Japan in the 17th～18th Centuries

Kim, Kyoung-Mi


Falcons were the principal exports traded with Japan in the latter part of Joseon. Because the falcons of Joseon had been well known as their excellency, they were what the countries around Joseon wanted to have. Especially Japan had a political structure ruled by warriors so Japanese liked hunting falcons. On account of that, Japanese would like to trade superior falcons. Tsushima was where the falcons were traded. As Tsushima was in charge of the Import Department about the falcons, they presented the falcons of Joseon to Shogun and the other influential persons.
Japanese had largely two ways of getting the falcons of Joseon. First, Tongsinsa(通信使) - Royal embassies to Tokugawa Japan - and Munwihaeng(問慰行) - embassies to Tsushima - gave the falcons as presents. Second, when Younraesongsa(年例送使), embassies of Japan visited in Joseon, Joseon gave the falcons as gifts about Japanese presentation. And Japanese would ask for trading falcon. The trade of the falcons based on the courtesy which they gave and took gifts from. In the midieval trade, it was a feature that diplomacy wasn't devided into trade.
The falcons were the symbol of luxurious articles by the demand of the ruling class. However, it was a singularity that falcons were not able to be produced. It wasn't easy to offer the falcons as Japanese wanted. Since trading falcons was led by the government, supplying falcons was also fulfilled by the government. The falcons were supplied in the Gyeongsang-do and the Gangwon-do near Japanese government office. But in case that they couldn't make good, they were helped by merchants or a private person. As the falcon was the barter that had the diplomatic feature, Joseon tried to trade smoothly.
However as the diplomatic feature of trade war getting weaker, the diplomatic role that the falcon had was decreasing. Besides, Japanese demand of the falcons also decreased since Tokugawa Tsunayoshi prohibited hunting the falcons. Trading falcons was hesitated for quite some time. Tokugawa Yoshimune allowed that again, Japanese asked for trading falcons. But the amount of the trade wasn't as much as former times. Joseon gave rice or cotton instead of the falcons. The amount of rice and cotton were increased more and more. Joseon gave all as rice and cotton in the end of 18th century.
The falcons, the main goods of trading with Japan in the latter part of Joseon was the trade concerns item that had strongly the diplomatic feature. As time went by, the diplomatic feature of trade was getting weaker. And Japanese demand was also decreased so trading falcons was be reduced. Because Japanese demand was decreased, the need for trading was disappeared. And Joseon didn't have to bear supplying the falcons that couldn't fulfill the diplomatic role.

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