신라 왕경의 개발 과정과 발전 단계 (States of Development for the Shilla Capital and the process of its Urbanization)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 고려사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓國史學報 / 52호 / 197 ~ 229페이지
· 저자명 : 김재홍

초록

Examined in this article is the development process of the royal palace, the Buddhist monasteries and the Weolseong palace. Historical texts and archaeological data are all analyzed in order to evaluate the history of the Shilla dynasty’s capital as a process of urban development. Examination of the royal palace’s development process and that of the Buddhist monasteries as well, we can determine a timetable: Before the Royal capital → Royal capital PhaseⅠ-1(10th year of Soji Marib-gan’s reign, 488) → Royal capital PhaseⅠ-2(14th year of King Jin’heung-wang’s reign, 553) → Royal capital PhaseⅡ-1(19th year of King Mun’mu-wang’s reign, 679) → Royal capital PhaseⅡ-2(19th year of King Gyeong’deok-wang’s reign, 760, when the Man’weol-seong palace was completed).
The political factions which led the foundation of Shilla resided not in the central area of today’s Gyeongju cit,y but rather in the outskirts surrounding it. Since the foundation of Shilla and through the 4th century, the main residence area inside Gyeongju included mountain areas surrounding today’s Nam-san mountain and the main Gyeongju area, Weol-seong and its adjacent areas, and the north side of the Buk-cheon river. They were all either mountainous areas or natural dams.
Gyeongju began to feature the looks of a Royal capital in the latter half of the 5th century, which was PhaseⅠ-1, when the Gyeongju area was redesigned with Weol-seong at its center. At the time, Weol-seong was still not fully shaped, and considering the positions of royal mausoleums in the city’s central area, sections of the city were still not established, and the capital was only redesigned with modifications of the existing roads, with Weol-seong at the center. Construction of the Royal capital went underway in PhaseⅠ-2, with Buddhist monasteries such as Hwang’ryong-sa, Bun’hwang-sa and Heung’ryun-sa as crucial elements of the city. PhaseⅠ-2 was indeed a Capital construction project utilizing the Buddhist temples, and in this period the development of the inside of Gyeongju, between the Seo-cheon, Buk-cheon and Nam-cheon streams, was completed.
Capital development in the Phase Ⅱ period, after the unification of the three dynasties, focused upon enlarging the royal palace and developing the royal capital further with the palace at the center. Weol-seong, the residence of the King, was put at the center, and the Dong’gung palace and governmental offices were placed around it. Walls were erected as perimeters to the royal palace. The completed palace resembled the looks of a full moon, so it was called ‘Man’weol-seong.‘ Over the Nam-cheon stream bridges like Il’jeong- gyo and Weol’jeong-gyo were constructed. Sections were established in the region to the northern part of Buk-cheon, to the Southern part of Nam-cheon, and to the Nam-san area.

영어초록

Examined in this article is the development process of the royal palace, the Buddhist monasteries and the Weolseong palace. Historical texts and archaeological data are all analyzed in order to evaluate the history of the Shilla dynasty’s capital as a process of urban development. Examination of the royal palace’s development process and that of the Buddhist monasteries as well, we can determine a timetable: Before the Royal capital → Royal capital PhaseⅠ-1(10th year of Soji Marib-gan’s reign, 488) → Royal capital PhaseⅠ-2(14th year of King Jin’heung-wang’s reign, 553) → Royal capital PhaseⅡ-1(19th year of King Mun’mu-wang’s reign, 679) → Royal capital PhaseⅡ-2(19th year of King Gyeong’deok-wang’s reign, 760, when the Man’weol-seong palace was completed).
The political factions which led the foundation of Shilla resided not in the central area of today’s Gyeongju cit,y but rather in the outskirts surrounding it. Since the foundation of Shilla and through the 4th century, the main residence area inside Gyeongju included mountain areas surrounding today’s Nam-san mountain and the main Gyeongju area, Weol-seong and its adjacent areas, and the north side of the Buk-cheon river. They were all either mountainous areas or natural dams.
Gyeongju began to feature the looks of a Royal capital in the latter half of the 5th century, which was PhaseⅠ-1, when the Gyeongju area was redesigned with Weol-seong at its center. At the time, Weol-seong was still not fully shaped, and considering the positions of royal mausoleums in the city’s central area, sections of the city were still not established, and the capital was only redesigned with modifications of the existing roads, with Weol-seong at the center. Construction of the Royal capital went underway in PhaseⅠ-2, with Buddhist monasteries such as Hwang’ryong-sa, Bun’hwang-sa and Heung’ryun-sa as crucial elements of the city. PhaseⅠ-2 was indeed a Capital construction project utilizing the Buddhist temples, and in this period the development of the inside of Gyeongju, between the Seo-cheon, Buk-cheon and Nam-cheon streams, was completed.
Capital development in the Phase Ⅱ period, after the unification of the three dynasties, focused upon enlarging the royal palace and developing the royal capital further with the palace at the center. Weol-seong, the residence of the King, was put at the center, and the Dong’gung palace and governmental offices were placed around it. Walls were erected as perimeters to the royal palace. The completed palace resembled the looks of a full moon, so it was called ‘Man’weol-seong.‘ Over the Nam-cheon stream bridges like Il’jeong- gyo and Weol’jeong-gyo were constructed. Sections were established in the region to the northern part of Buk-cheon, to the Southern part of Nam-cheon, and to the Nam-san area.

참고자료

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