광주광역시 전기버스 도입時 비용편익분석-대기오염저감을 중심으로-

목차

제1장 서 론
1.1 연구의 필요성과 목적 ····························································· 1
1.2 연구의 내용과 방법 ····························································· 2

제2장 친환경 및 전기 자동차
2.1 친환경 자동차 정의 ······························································ 3
1) 환경 친화적 자동차의 정의 및 분류 ··································· 3
2) 저공해 자동차 정의 및 분류 ··············································· 4
2.2 전기자동차 ··········································································· 4
1) 전기자동차의 정의 및 특징 ·················································· 4
2) 전기자동차 개발 및 지원 ·················································· 5
3) 전기자동차 R&D 동향 ······················································ 6
2.3 전기버스
1) 전기버스의 특징 ···························································· 7
2) 서울시 전기버스 도입사례 ············································· 7
3) 전기버스의 쟁점이슈 ····················································· 8

제3장 비용편익분석 방법론
3.1 경제성 평가 일반론 ································································ 9
3.2 방법론 선택 ······································································ 9
3.3 선행연구 검토 ······································································ 10
1) 한국개발연구원(KDI) 방법론 ············································ 10
2) 서울시 적용 방법론 ······················································ 11
3) 선행연구 고찰 ························································· 11

제4장 편익비용분석 평가항목 선정
4.1 비용항목 선정 ····································································· 12
1) 차량구입비 증가 ······························································· 12
2) 충전인프라 설치 운영비 ··················································· 12
4.2 편익항목 선정 ····································································· 13
1) 에너지 절감 편익 ·······························································13
2) 대기오염 감소 편익 ······················································ 13
3) 온실가스(CO2) 감소 편익 ··············································· 13
4) 자동차 유지비 편익 ·············································· 14

제5장 기초자료조사
5.1 시내버스 운영현황 ························································ 15
1) 보유현황 ································································· 15
2) 주행(여행)속도 ····························································· 15
3) 주행거리 ···································································· 16
4) 수송분담율 ································································· 16
5.2 분석기초자료 ···································································· 17
1) CNG가격 ·································································· 17
2) 전기요금 ···································································· 17
3) 버스 유형별 연비 ··························································· 18
4) 대기오염 배출계수 산정 ··············································· 19
5) 온실가스(CO2) 배출계수 산정 ·········································· 20

제6장 편익비용분석
6.1 분석개요 ····································································· 21
6.2 비용항목 분석 ······························································· 21
6.3 편익항목 분석 ······························································· 22
1) 에너지 절감 ······························································ 22
2) 오염물질 저감 ······························································ 24

제7장 연구결과 및 고찰
7.1 오염물질 배출현황 ···························································· 27
7.2 오염물질 저감 현재가치 ··················································· 28
7.3 편익 현재가치 분석 ···························································· 28
7.4 비용편익비율 분석 ···························································· 30

제8장 결론 및 향후 과제 ·························································· 32
8.1 연구의 결과 ······························································· 32
8.2 정책 제언 ·································································· 33
8.3 연구한계 및 향후 제 ··················································· 35

참 고 문 헌 ··········································································· 36

본문내용

제 1 장 서 론
1.1 연구 필요성과 목적
현재 지구 환경문제는 대기오염 배출에 따른 지구 온난화 현상이 가속화되고 있고, 여러 주요 선진 국가들이 화석연료 자동차의 대안으로 전기자동차에 대한 투자를 지속적으로 확대하고 있다.

국내에서는 서울시는 2010년부터 시내버스 노선에 전기자동차를 시범도입하여 운영 중이며, 2015년 광주광역시는 하이브드형 버스 도입을 시작하였으며, 2016년 제주도는 23대의 전기버스 도입을 추진하고 있다.

하지만, 전기버스는 주요 선진국들에서도 고가의 차량가격, 배터리의 무거운 중량과 성능미비, 충전인프라 설치 및 충전시간 과다 등 여러 요인으로 실제 버스노선에 도입은 저조한 상황이며, 대기환경을 중요시하는 공원, 공항 등 제한적으로 활용되고 있는 실정이다.

최근 전기자동차의 비약적인 기술발전이 이루어지고 있으며, 해외에서뿐만 아니라 국내의 여러 지자체에서 친환경 도시건설을 위하여 현재까지 가장 환경 친화적인 전기자동차 도입을 추진하고 있다.

<중략>

제 4 장. 비용편익 평가항목 선정
4.1 비용항목 선정
1) 차량구입비 증가
전기버스의 차량구입가격은 현재까지 CNG버스 가격과 비교하여 약 2배 이상의 가격 차이를 발생한다. 현재 버스차량은 다양한 가격대가 형성되어 있으며, 버스 종류별로 도시형, 저상형, 하이브리드형 등 다양한 종류와 가격대를 형성하고 있다.
한편 CNG버스는 그동안 대량생산체제를 갖추어 가격이 안정되어 있으나, 전기버스의 가격은 도입처의 요구(배터리 제조사 등)에 따라 가격 변동폭이 넓은 특징을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 시판되고 있는 버스가격을 기준으로 실시하였다.
그리고, 전기버스의 경우 내용연수를 얼마만큼 인정할 것인가 하는 문제이다. 현행 여객자동차 운수사업법 시행령 제40조에 의하면 시내버스의 차령을 9년으로 하며 일정요건을 갖출 경우 2년까지 연장이 가능토록 규정되어 있다.

참고자료

· 이성희, 2012, 부산광역시 친환경 자동차 보급에 따른 대기오염물질 및 이산화탄소 저감 효과분석, 경성대학교, 석사학위논문.
· 최도영, 박찬국, 김수일, 2012, 전기자동차 보급의 에너지수급 영향 분석, 에너지경제연구원
· 전광민, 2009, 2030년 수송산업과 IT산업의 융합, 한국자동차공학회
· 강석원, 2013, 특허정보를 활용한 전기자동차 R&D동향분석, 전남대학교, 석사학위논문
· 정연찬, 2013, 전기버스 도입사업의 타당성 연구, 서울시립대학교, 박사학위논문
· 고준호, 심진섭, 2011, 서울시 친환경버스 도입방안 연구, 서울시 시정개발연구원.
· 원두환, 2014, 자동차 배출가스 저감의 경제적 편익추정, 환경정책 제22권 제4호.
· 최호성, 2014, 연기개선을 위한 CNG 버스 Hybrid System 개발, 전남대학교, 석사학위논문
· 김진성, 이치범, 박영일, 2014, 직렬형플러인하이브리드전기버스의 엔진구동전략에 따른 시뮬레이션기반 연비분석, KSAE 22권 NO5.
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· 환경부 보도자료, 2013.3.28, 전기차 급속충전기 요금 313.1원/kwh으로 결정
· 전국버스운송사업조합연합회, 2015, 2014년 버스통계편람
· 광주광역시, 2015, 연도별 교통관련 기초조사 요약보고서
· 교통안전공단, 2015, 2015 자동차 주행거리통계
· 환경부 전기차 충전소
· 전력통계정보시스템
· 온실가스(CO2)종합정보센터
· 국립환경과학원