은유치료 : 문학치료에 대한 은유적 접근

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한문학치료학회
· 수록지 정보 : 대한문학치료연구 / 2권 / 1호
· 저자명 : 배선윤, 박찬부

목차

Ⅰ. 서 론
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 및 치료적 가능성
Ⅲ. 은유 치료의 도구 및 실제 은유 치료의 적용
Ⅳ. 결 론
참고문헌
(Abstract)

초록

본 연구의 목적은 은유치료의 실제 치료적 가능성 검증에 있다. 은유를 통한 심리치료가 대개의
상담 및 심리치료 분야에서 부분적으로 행해지고는 있으나 은유의 실제적 의미에 대한 성찰은 아직
미미한 상태이다. 본 연구를 통해서 은유에 대한 이론적 기반을 면밀히 살펴보고, 은유가 심리치료에
미칠 수 있는 실제적 효과를 가늠해 보고자 한다.
은유는 원래 수사학적 개념으로, 문학적 의미를 지닌 용어이므로, 은유의 본뜻과 그 변화 과정을
먼저 살펴보고, 은유의 활용 범위를 재검토한다. 은유라는 개념이 상담이나 심리치료에 활용되기 시
작한 것은 정신분석의 탄생과 함께 하므로, 정신분석학적인 은유의 의미를 탐색한 후, 언어와 은유와
정신과의 관계를 살펴보는 과정을 통해서 인간 정신과 은유의 속성 비교를 한다. 철학과 정신분석학
관련 학자들의 이론 탐색 과정을 거치면서 은유가 인간 정신 건강에 미칠 수 있는 영향력을 검토한
후, 심리치료에 활용할 수 있는 은유적 도구를 소개한다.
이러한 이론적 배경을 바탕으로 하여, 실제 사례에서 은유의 효과를 검증하고, 사례분석을 통해서
은유의 활용범위를 확인하고, 은유치료의 나아갈 바를 탐색하는 것이 본 연구의 궁극적 목적이다.

영어초록

This thesis is a try of Metaphor-Therapy in the practical field of psycho-therapy.
"Metaphor Therapy" is the word which G. Burns has used. It is a total art, whatever it
is, that uses metaphors. A metaphor is something that stands for something else.
This study is based on the theory of psychoanalysis, on the various theories of
literary metaphors, on the analytics of Paul Ricoeur, and on the philosophy of
postmodernism.
The man is a metaphorical being. Man can't recognize the real at all. His entity can
be only as a sign. This sign is a metaphor to enter into the symbolic order.
As soon as man is born, he has a relationship with the "object". The "object" does
reflect itself like a mirror. As a result, man begins to recognize himself as a "subject".
Therefore the "subject" can't expose itself except for reflection by object. The sign of
this reflection is a metaphor.
If one can be reflected in a positive way, one may recognize oneself positively, but,
on the other hand, if one can be reflected in a negative way, one may recognize
oneself negatively.
The role of therapist should be so. The clients can't see themselves in a positive
way because they have some reasons of their symptoms. They may distort their
memories in negative ways, or they may be fixed on traumatic memories. The role of
therapist is to correct such distorted ways.
However, everything which clients have is invaluable resources. All questions contain
presuppositions. Therapist changes client's patterns of thought or behaviour into
desired outcomes using their own resources in Metaphor Therapy.
A metaphor always communicates on at least two levels. People are complex and
contradictory by nature. Metaphor Therapy accepts and addresses these facts. Such a
multidimensional perspective makes clients move in new ways.
Chapter Ⅰ introduces background theories of metaphor. There are three parts. The
first is the views of linguistics and philosophy, the second is the views of psychology
and neurology, and the last is the view of psychoanalysis. This chapter introduces
various theories and a theoretical bases on metaphor.
Chapter Ⅱ presents the therapeutic possibilities of the metaphor. This is based on
the analytics of Paul Ricoeur. At first, this chapter explores the definitions of
metaphor in several views. Next, it introduces the thought of Paul Ricoeur. According
to his theoretical bases, human language is a metaphor that makes "thing-in-itself" go
into the symbolic order. Therefore we can't represent the existence of man without
language. That is, man represents himself only with a metaphor, so he can understand
the meaning of himself only with an its interpretation or analysis of the metaphor.
In such a way we get a meaning, and our perceptions can change. When an event
occurs, each person can differently perceive it with various views, because of the
equivocality and ambiguity of metaphor. We can use them as tools of therapy. A
metaphor can point to an idea, but it can never BE the idea. It is the room between
the idea and the metaphor that multiple meanings are possible.
Chapter Ⅲ explores tools of metaphor therapy. The boundary of metaphor is very
wide, but I will this study limit to literary themes. Story, Symbol, Ceremony. They
have metaphorical symbolism, so they have therapeutic effects. I consider a story to
be metaphorical when it is used to communicate something more than the events of
the story itself. I use the word "symbol" to refer to the smallest units of metaphor―
words, objects, mental images, Jungian archetypes and the like―in which a richness of
meaning is crystallized. By "ceremony" I mean a set of actions, often called a ritual,
that has symbolic importance for the people performing it. All of these make one
communicate with metaphors. Besides this chapter introduces the PRO approach. This
is the therapeutic process developed by G. Burns. P is problems, R is resources, and
O is outcomes. G. Burns has developed the program and has utilized it in the practical
clinics until now.
Chapter Ⅳ is concerned with a clinical case. At first I introduce the developmental
process of metaphor therapy, and then show a practical case and its analytic process.
In this chapter, you can see the practical application of metaphor therapy. This case
study follows G. Burns's PRO approach.
Chapter Ⅴ explores the limits and the visions of metaphor therapy. This study may
be a first attempt made in as the name of metaphor therapy. I expect that the
metaphor therapy will be developed in various ways.

참고자료

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