무속신화에 나타난 救藥모티프의 서사화 양상과 그 의미

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국구비문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 구비문학연구 / 21호
· 저자명 : 이지영

목차

1. 서론
2. 여성 신격의 救藥旅行과 구약모티프의 서사화 양상
3. 남성 신격의 救藥旅行과 구약모티프의 서사화 양상
4. 신격의 차이에 따른 구약여행의 특징과 그 의미
5. 결론

초록

이 글은 우리나라 무속신화 가운데 주인공이 생명수나 꽃 등을 구하기 위해 고난을 겪는 소위 탐색모티프가 몇몇 신화에 나타남을 주목하여, 이 모티프가 남녀 신격에 따라 어떻게 서사화되는지 살피기 위하여 작성되었다. 그리하여 여성 신격이 구약행위의 주체가 되는 자료로서 <바리공주>, <세경본풀이>를, 또 남성 신격이 그 주체가 되는 자료로서 <이공본풀이>와 <문전본풀이>를 대상으로 삼은 뒤, 남녀 신격별로 구약여행 도중에 겪는 고난이 어떠한지, 그리고 그 행위의 결과로서 주인공이 어떤 신직을 얻는지 등을 살펴보았다.
논의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여성 신격이 주인공일 때는 ‘죽은자’가 남성이고, 반면에 남성 신격일 때는 ‘죽은자’가 여성이다. 둘째, 주인공 신격은 죽은자를 살리기 이전에 항상 죽은자와 분리된다. 이때 주로 여성 신격이 내쫓기고, 남성 신격이 자발적으로 떠난다. 셋째, ‘죽은자’의 죽음의 이유는 피살과 질병이다. 이때 홀로 남은 남성은 신변에 위험이 없으나, 여성은 신변의 위험으로 죽임을 당하거나 내쫓기고, 혹은 도망간다.

영어초록

In this paper, I intend to find the entity of goddess myth in Musok myth. As is the case in most of tales, male－dominating culture have had strong influence on the Musok myth. As a result, female deity is described as less powerful than male deity. Goddess ends up becoming just the spouse of god. Gods even possess some of goddess's abilities such as healing and reproduction. Male and female deities often do the same activities, for example fighting in a war and taking a journey to get magic－medicine which can resurrect the dead.
Among the Musok myths, I consider <Bari－princess> and <Segyeong Bonpuri> as those where female deity is the main character and <Igong Bonpuri> and <Mungeon Bonpuri> as those where male deity is the main actor. These myths are then analyzed to see how the journey for magic－medicine is described, what hardships the main characters go through, and what position they achieve as the result of the hardship.
The results of the above analysis can be summarized as follows. First, the dead is male when the female deity is the main character, and vice versa. Such act of death and resurrection implies restoration of broken family relationships and androgyny. Second, the main character deity gets separated from the dead before he or she brings the dead back to life. In this situation, the female deity usually gets expelled and the male deity leaves at his own will. Third, the dead usually had been killed or died from disease. When the dead is the male deity, then the female deity is killed, gets expelled, or runs away. When the female is the dead, the male however faces no such risk.
Fourth, during the journey to seek magic－medicine, the female deity faces many difficulties while the male counterpart tend to experience little adversity. Instead, the male revenges the enemies for the dead female, and this is to prove the heroism of the male deity. Fifth, in order to obtain life－water or rebirth－flower, the female deity marry the male who keeps them, which however never happens to the male deity. This formation of husband－wife relationship serves as the basis of the family relationship and the fertility.

Sixth, the positions the male and the female achieve after bringing the other back to life are different. The male especially do not get involved in the reproduction related position because he also possesses the action domain of the female. Finally, the meaning of the journey to seek magic－medicine is summarized as (1) the process of restoring the fertility, (2) the proof of heroism, and (3) the process of initiation.

참고자료

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