현대건축종류 및 정의

문서 내 토픽

1. Brutalism

브루탈리즘은 1960년대 중반부터 1980년대 후반까지 유럽 공산국가의 건축에서 입지를 차지하고 있었다. 이 양식은 기능주의 건축에 대한 반발로 등장했으며, 건축물의 구조적인 기능을 이루고 있는 보나 내력벽체 또는 건설 재료의 질감인 노출콘크리트 등을 그대로 외관에 직설적으로 노출시키는 조형 방법이다. 브루탈리즘 건물들은 대개 특정한 기능 구역을 대표하는 매스를 형성하는 반복적인 모듈 요소들로 구성되며, 뚜렷하게 연결되고 통일된 전체로 분류된다. 이 양식은 종종 사회주의 유토피아적 이념과 연관되어 있었다.
2. Postmodernism

포스트모더니즘은 1960년대에 일어난 문화운동으로, 모더니즘에 대한 반발로 등장했다. 포스트모더니즘은 모더니즘이 추구하던 절대적인 위력이나 이념을 부정하고, 합리적 기능주의에 대해 의문점을 제시했다. 포스트모더니즘 건축가들은 국제주의 양식으로 획일화 되어 버린 모던건축에 숨어 있는 가능성을 찾아내어 새로운 형태를 구성하고자 했다.
3. Rationalism

합리주의는 근대건축의 기능주의적이고 합목적성의 추구에 반발하여 등장했다. 합리주의 건축은 전통적인 건축 구성요소에 자기 반영적 소를 추가하여 반복적, 논리적 명백함에 필요성, 단순성에 의한 합리성을 추구한다. 유형학, 꼴라주, 형태 등의 개념이 합리주의 건축의 특징이다.
4. Deconstructivism

해체주의 건축은 기존 건축 개념의 균형성, 중심성, 통일성, 용도, 기능, 중력 등의 요소를 해체하는 스타일이다. 해체주의 건축가들은 건물 대지의 특성을 결정하고 건물재료를 기존에 얽매이지 않고 자유로이 사용한다. 이를 통해 비완전성이 해체주의 건축만의 형태적 특성이 되었다.
5. High Tech

하이테크 건축은 현대산업의 급격한 발달과 함께 등장했다. 하이테크 건축은 공간, 구조, 설비 등의 가변성과 이동성의 개념을 내포한다. 규격화된 부재의 대량생산과 조립식 구조, 경량성, 투명성, 기계미학 등이 하이테크 건축의 특징이다.

Easy AI와 토픽 톺아보기

1. Brutalism

Brutalism is an architectural style that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by its raw, unfinished concrete surfaces and bold, geometric forms. While often criticized for its harsh and imposing appearance, Brutalism can be seen as a reaction against the perceived elitism and ornamentalism of previous architectural movements. Proponents of Brutalism argue that it represents a more honest and functional approach to design, prioritizing the expression of a building's structure and materials over aesthetic embellishment. At its best, Brutalism can create a sense of solidity, strength, and authenticity that resonates with the urban environment. However, the style has also been criticized for its perceived lack of human scale and emotional connection. Ultimately, Brutalism remains a divisive and controversial architectural movement, with passionate advocates and detractors. Its legacy continues to be debated and reinterpreted by contemporary designers and scholars.
2. Postmodernism

Postmodernism in architecture emerged as a reaction against the perceived rigidity and uniformity of modernist design. Characterized by a playful, eclectic, and often ironic approach, postmodern architecture embraces historical references, symbolic elements, and a diversity of styles. Proponents of postmodernism argue that it allows for a more expressive and contextual approach to design, reflecting the complexities and contradictions of the contemporary world. At its best, postmodern architecture can create a sense of whimsy, delight, and cultural relevance, challenging the perceived elitism and austerity of modernism. However, the style has also been criticized for its perceived lack of coherence, its reliance on superficial symbolism, and its potential for kitsch. Ultimately, postmodernism remains a highly influential and contentious movement in architecture, with its legacy continuing to shape the built environment and the discourse around design.
3. Rationalism

Rationalism in architecture is a design approach that emphasizes the use of reason, logic, and scientific principles to inform the built environment. Rooted in the Enlightenment ideals of order, symmetry, and functionality, rationalist architecture often features clean lines, geometric forms, and a focus on the expression of structural and functional elements. Proponents of rationalism argue that this approach leads to buildings that are efficient, practical, and aesthetically pleasing in their simplicity and clarity. At its best, rationalist architecture can create a sense of harmony, balance, and timelessness that resonates with the human experience. However, the style has also been criticized for its perceived lack of emotional expression, its potential for monotony, and its association with authoritarian or totalitarian regimes. Ultimately, rationalism remains a significant and influential force in architecture, with its principles continuing to shape the design of buildings and urban spaces around the world.
4. Deconstructivism

Deconstructivism in architecture is a postmodern movement that challenges the traditional principles of design, emphasizing fragmentation, non-linear forms, and the disruption of conventional spatial and structural relationships. Influenced by the philosophical ideas of Jacques Derrida and other poststructuralist thinkers, deconstructivist architects seek to create buildings that resist easy interpretation and challenge the viewer's expectations. Characterized by angular, asymmetrical, and often seemingly unstable forms, deconstructivist architecture can be seen as a rejection of the perceived rigidity and uniformity of modernist design. Proponents of deconstructivism argue that this approach allows for a more dynamic and expressive exploration of the built environment, reflecting the complexities and uncertainties of the contemporary world. However, the style has also been criticized for its perceived lack of functionality, its potential for creating disorienting and uncomfortable spaces, and its association with a certain intellectual elitism. Ultimately, deconstructivism remains a highly influential and controversial movement in architecture, with its legacy continuing to shape the design of buildings and the discourse around the built environment.
5. High Tech

High-tech architecture, also known as Structural Expressionism, is a style of architecture that emerged in the late 20th century, characterized by the overt expression of a building's structural and mechanical systems. Influenced by advancements in engineering and materials technology, high-tech architecture celebrates the aesthetic potential of exposed structural elements, such as beams, trusses, and pipes, as well as the incorporation of cutting-edge building systems and technologies. Proponents of high-tech architecture argue that this approach allows for a more honest and functional expression of a building's purpose and construction, while also creating a sense of dynamism and technological innovation. At its best, high-tech architecture can be visually striking and intellectually engaging, challenging the viewer to consider the relationship between form, function, and technology. However, the style has also been criticized for its perceived lack of human scale, its potential for creating cold and impersonal environments, and its association with corporate or institutional power structures. Ultimately, high-tech architecture remains a significant and influential force in contemporary design, with its principles continuing to shape the built environment and the discourse around the role of technology in architecture.

주제 연관 토픽을 확인해 보세요!

주제 연관 리포트도 확인해 보세요!