What의 문법적 용법과 의미 총정리

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1. What의 의문 대명사 용법

What은 의문 대명사로 사용되어 '무엇'이라는 의미를 나타낸다. 예를 들어 'What shall I mend it with?'에서 '무엇을 가지고'라는 의미로 사용되며, 'What difference this would make'에서는 '어떤 차이'를 의미한다. 의문 대명사 what은 문장의 목적어나 전치사의 목적어로 위치하여 특정 사물이나 사항에 대한 질문을 나타낸다.
2. What의 관계 대명사 및 관계 형용사 용법

What은 관계 대명사로 '~하는 것'이라는 의미를 가지며, 'What works for most job seekers is to look through their past experiences'에서 주어 역할을 한다. 관계 형용사로는 'What crops survived the long drought'처럼 명사를 수식하여 '~하는 모든'이라는 의미를 나타낸다. 이 용법들은 선행사 없이 독립적으로 사용되는 특징이 있다.
3. What의 감탄문 용법

What은 감탄문을 이끄는 부사로 사용되어 강한 감정이나 놀라움을 표현한다. 'He showed the world what a great artist he was'에서 '얼마나 위대한'이라는 감탄의 의미를 전달한다. 이 용법은 주로 'what + a/an + 형용사 + 명사' 구조로 나타나며 감정적 강조를 목적으로 한다.
4. What을 포함한 명사절 구조

What은 명사절을 이끄는 접속사로 기능하여 'Many users may not realize what the company owns'처럼 동사의 목적어 역할을 한다. 'I'll do whatever you tell me to do'에서 whatever는 what의 확대 형태로 '무엇이든지'라는 의미를 나타낸다. 이러한 구조는 문장의 주어, 목적어, 보어 등 다양한 위치에서 사용된다.

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1. What의 의문 대명사 용법

What as an interrogative pronoun is fundamental to English question formation. It serves to ask about things, objects, or concepts rather than people, distinguishing itself from 'who.' The usage is straightforward in direct questions like 'What is this?' but becomes more nuanced in indirect questions and embedded clauses. Understanding this distinction helps learners construct grammatically correct questions and comprehend native speaker speech patterns. The interrogative what also functions in various sentence positions, making it essential for developing conversational competence. Its versatility in both formal and informal contexts makes it one of the most frequently used question words in English communication.
2. What의 관계 대명사 및 관계 형용사 용법

What functioning as a relative pronoun and relative adjective represents a more advanced grammatical concept that often challenges learners. As a relative pronoun, 'what' introduces relative clauses without an antecedent, as in 'I know what you mean.' As a relative adjective, it modifies nouns within relative clauses. These dual functions require careful distinction from traditional relative pronouns like 'which' or 'that' because 'what' combines the antecedent and relative pronoun into a single word. Mastering this usage significantly enhances writing quality and allows for more sophisticated sentence construction. The ability to recognize and use these forms correctly demonstrates advanced grammatical understanding and improves overall English proficiency.
3. What의 감탄문 용법

What in exclamatory sentences creates emphatic expressions that convey strong emotions or reactions. Structures like 'What a beautiful day!' or 'What an amazing performance!' use what to intensify the expression of admiration, surprise, or other emotions. This usage differs fundamentally from interrogative and relative functions, requiring different intonation and punctuation. The exclamatory what is particularly valuable in creative writing, spoken communication, and emotional expression. Understanding this function helps learners appreciate the nuances of English and use language more expressively. The exclamatory form demonstrates how the same word can serve multiple grammatical purposes while maintaining clarity and communicative effectiveness in different contexts.
4. What을 포함한 명사절 구조

Noun clauses containing 'what' are essential structures in English that function as subjects, objects, or complements within sentences. Examples include 'What you said was important' or 'I understand what happened.' These clauses allow complex ideas to be expressed compactly and serve crucial roles in sentence construction. The what-noun clause can function in multiple positions, providing flexibility in sentence organization and emphasis. Mastering these structures enables learners to produce more sophisticated and varied sentences. The ability to construct and recognize what-noun clauses is particularly important for academic writing, professional communication, and advanced English proficiency. These structures demonstrate how what can integrate complex information into coherent, grammatically sound expressions.

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