A+ 연세대학교 기초아날로그실험 5주차 결과레포트

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1. Inverting amplifier

실험 결과 그림1과 같이 Inverting amplifier 회로를 빵판에 구성하였다. 저항 을 사용하였으며 저항 는 47과 150k 두가지를 사용하였다. 또한 myDAQ를 이용하여 Op-amp의 전원단자 , 에 각각 15V와 -15V를 걸어주었다. 입력 전원은 진폭 0.1V (=0.2)와 주파수 1kHz의 교류 전원으로 설정하였다. 실험 결과 매우 작은 오차율이 나왔으며 입력 파형과 출력 파형이 서로 반대인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Bode plot 분석 결과 특정 주파수보다 커지면 gain과 phase 값이 급격히 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.
2. Non-inverting amplifier

실험 결과 그림4와 같이 Non-inverting amplifier 회로를 빵판에 구성하였다. 저항 을 사용하였으며 저항 는 47과 150k 두가지를 사용하였다. 실험 결과 매우 작은 오차율이 나왔으며 입력 파형과 출력 파형이 서로 동일한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Bode plot 분석 결과 특정 주파수보다 커지면 gain과 phase 값이 급격히 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 (+) 입력 단자에 연결된 큰 저항으로 인한 오류를 해결하기 위해 저항 값을 변경하여 정상적인 출력 파형을 얻을 수 있었다.
3. Differential amplifier

실험 결과 그림8과 같이 Differential amplifier 회로를 빵판에 구성하였다. 실험 결과 두 입력 전압의 차이에 비례하는 출력 전압이 측정되었으며, 입력 전원 자체에 존재하는 Noise로 인해 결과 값에 오차가 생긴 것을 확인하였다.
4. Integrator

실험 결과 그림10과 같이 Integrator 회로를 빵판에 구성하였다. 실험 결과 이론값과 유사한 출력 전압 진폭을 얻을 수 있었으며, 주파수가 커질수록 출력 전압의 진폭이 작아지는 경향을 확인하였다. 다만 오차가 크게 나온 이유로 측정 전압의 불안정성과 Op-amp의 한계로 인한 왜곡 현상을 확인하였다.
5. Differentiator

실험 결과 그림12와 같이 Differentiator 회로를 빵판에 구성하였다. 실험 결과 주파수가 높아질수록 출력 전압이 높아지는 High pass filter와 같은 역할을 하는 것을 확인하였다. 다만 높은 주파수 영역에서 큰 왜곡이 발생하여 이론값과 큰 오차가 나타났다.

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1. Inverting amplifier

The inverting amplifier is a fundamental circuit in electronics that plays a crucial role in various applications. It is characterized by its ability to invert the input signal, meaning that the output signal is 180 degrees out of phase with the input signal. This feature makes the inverting amplifier useful in a wide range of applications, such as signal processing, audio amplification, and feedback control systems. The key advantage of the inverting amplifier is its simplicity in design and implementation, as it only requires an operational amplifier (op-amp) and a few passive components. Additionally, the inverting amplifier offers good input-output isolation, making it suitable for applications where the input and output signals need to be separated. However, the inverting amplifier also has some limitations, such as the need for a negative power supply and the potential for input-output interaction, which can be mitigated through careful circuit design and component selection. Overall, the inverting amplifier remains a fundamental building block in electronic circuits and continues to be widely used in various industries and applications.
2. Non-inverting amplifier

The non-inverting amplifier is another essential circuit in electronics, complementing the inverting amplifier. Unlike the inverting amplifier, the non-inverting amplifier does not invert the input signal, meaning that the output signal is in phase with the input signal. This characteristic makes the non-inverting amplifier useful in applications where the original signal polarity needs to be maintained, such as in buffer circuits, voltage followers, and signal conditioning. The key advantage of the non-inverting amplifier is its high input impedance, which allows it to be used as a buffer to isolate the input from the output without significantly loading the input source. Additionally, the non-inverting amplifier offers a simple and straightforward design, making it easy to implement and integrate into various electronic systems. However, the non-inverting amplifier also has some limitations, such as the potential for input-output interaction and the need for a positive power supply. Overall, the non-inverting amplifier is a versatile and widely used circuit in electronics, complementing the inverting amplifier and providing a valuable tool for signal processing and amplification.
3. Differential amplifier

The differential amplifier is a powerful and versatile circuit in electronics, designed to amplify the difference between two input signals. This unique feature makes the differential amplifier particularly useful in applications where the input signals are subject to common-mode noise or interference, such as in instrumentation, medical electronics, and communication systems. The key advantage of the differential amplifier is its ability to reject common-mode signals, effectively amplifying only the difference between the two input signals while suppressing any common-mode noise or interference. This makes the differential amplifier an essential component in various signal processing and measurement applications, where the accurate and reliable detection of small signals is crucial. Additionally, the differential amplifier offers good input-output isolation, allowing it to be used in applications where the input and output signals need to be separated. However, the differential amplifier also has some limitations, such as the need for a balanced input and the potential for input-output interaction. Overall, the differential amplifier is a powerful and versatile circuit that continues to be widely used in a variety of electronic systems and applications.
4. Integrator

The integrator is a fundamental circuit in electronics that performs the mathematical operation of integration, converting an input signal into an output signal that represents the integral of the input. This feature makes the integrator useful in a wide range of applications, such as signal processing, control systems, and analog computing. The key advantage of the integrator is its ability to extract the cumulative effect of a signal over time, which can be valuable in applications where the area under a curve or the total energy of a signal needs to be measured or analyzed. Additionally, the integrator can be used to convert a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain, making it a valuable tool in signal analysis and processing. However, the integrator also has some limitations, such as the potential for drift and the need for careful component selection and circuit design to ensure stability and accuracy. Overall, the integrator is a powerful and versatile circuit that continues to be widely used in various electronic systems and applications.
5. Differentiator

The differentiator is another fundamental circuit in electronics that performs the mathematical operation of differentiation, converting an input signal into an output signal that represents the derivative of the input. This feature makes the differentiator useful in a wide range of applications, such as signal processing, control systems, and instrumentation. The key advantage of the differentiator is its ability to extract the rate of change of a signal, which can be valuable in applications where the slope or the instantaneous rate of change of a signal needs to be measured or analyzed. Additionally, the differentiator can be used to convert a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain, making it a valuable tool in signal analysis and processing. However, the differentiator also has some limitations, such as the potential for noise amplification and the need for careful component selection and circuit design to ensure stability and accuracy. Overall, the differentiator is a powerful and versatile circuit that continues to be widely used in various electronic systems and applications.