심장내과 약물 종류, 작용, 기전

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1. Antiplatelets

Antiplatelets는 혈액 중 혈소판 응집을 억제하여 혈전의 생성을 억제하는 약물입니다. 주요 약물로는 Aspirin, P2Y12 Inhibitor(Clopidogrel, Ticlopidine, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor), 기타 Antiplatelets(Cilostazol, Triflusal, Sarpogrelate) 등이 있습니다. 이들은 혈소판의 점성을 약화시켜 혈소판이 뭉치지 않게 하는 기전으로 작용합니다. 주요 적응증은 관상동맥질환, 뇌혈관질환, 수술 및 시술 시 혈전 생성 억제, 말초혈관질환 등입니다. 부작용으로는 출혈, 멍, 위장관계 증상 등이 있으며 출혈 위험이 있는 시술이나 수술 시 일정 기간 중단이 필요합니다.
2. Anticoagulant

Anticoagulant는 혈액의 응고 능력을 감소시켜 혈관 내에서 비정상적으로 일어나는 혈전 형성을 방지하는 약물입니다. 대표적인 약물로는 Coumadin(Warfarin), Heparin, DOAC(Argatroban, Bivalirudin, Lepirudin, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, Dabigatran, Edoxaban) 등이 있습니다. Warfarin은 경구용 항응고제의 대표적인 약물로, 정맥혈전증, 폐색전증, 심장판막 수술, 심방세동, 뇌경색 등의 예방과 치료에 사용됩니다.

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1. Antiplatelets

Antiplatelets are a class of medications that work by inhibiting the activation and aggregation of platelets, which are small blood cells responsible for blood clotting. These drugs play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of various cardiovascular conditions, such as heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease. By reducing the risk of blood clot formation, antiplatelets help to improve blood flow and reduce the likelihood of life-threatening events. The use of antiplatelets is particularly important for individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease or those at high risk of developing such conditions. These medications can be prescribed as a long-term preventive measure or in the acute setting to manage specific events, such as a recent heart attack or stroke. The choice of antiplatelet agent and the duration of treatment are typically tailored to the individual patient's needs and risk profile, taking into account factors such as age, comorbidities, and the specific condition being treated. While antiplatelets are generally well-tolerated, they can be associated with an increased risk of bleeding, which is a common side effect. Careful monitoring and management of this risk, as well as the potential for drug interactions, are essential to ensure the safe and effective use of these medications. Overall, antiplatelets represent a valuable tool in the management of cardiovascular disease and the prevention of life-threatening events.
2. Anticoagulant

Anticoagulants, also known as blood thinners, are a class of medications that work by inhibiting the blood's ability to clot. These drugs play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of various thromboembolic conditions, such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation-related stroke. By reducing the risk of blood clot formation, anticoagulants help to improve blood flow and reduce the likelihood of life-threatening events. These medications are particularly important for individuals with a history of blood clots, those at high risk of developing such conditions, or those with certain underlying medical conditions that predispose them to an increased risk of thrombosis. The choice of anticoagulant and the duration of treatment are typically tailored to the individual patient's needs and risk profile, taking into account factors such as age, comorbidities, and the specific condition being treated. Newer oral anticoagulants, such as direct-acting agents, have emerged as alternatives to traditional warfarin, offering improved safety and convenience for many patients. While anticoagulants are generally well-tolerated, they can be associated with an increased risk of bleeding, which is a common side effect. Careful monitoring and management of this risk, as well as the potential for drug interactions, are essential to ensure the safe and effective use of these medications. Overall, anticoagulants represent a vital tool in the management of thromboembolic conditions and the prevention of life-threatening events.

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