응급실 주요장비와 기구(장비 및 물품 종류, 적용대상자, 사용목적, 사용기전 및 관리방법)

문서 내 토픽

1. Airway

의식이 없거나 자발호흡이 없는 환자의 기도를 유지하기 위한 장비. 기도를 유지하기 위해 플라스틱이나 고무로 된 인공기도를 삽입하거나 기관절개술을 시행한다.
2. Ambu bag

호흡 정지 시에 사용되는 구급소생백. 구급임상용으로 사용되는 비교적 간단한 기구를 지닌 인공호흡요법기구. Ambu bag 윗부분에 산소를 연결하여 풍선을 짜준다. Ambu bagging시 산소농도는 10L의 고농도의 산소를 공급해야 한다.
3. Chest drainage set

흉부의 관통상 또는 이물을 제거시켜 기도를 유지·분비물로 인한 감염이나 무기폐 등을 방지하기 위해 사용. 검사물 채취 시에 시행. 흉부 배액은 산소, 탄산가스 교환을 증진시키고·점막을 자극시켜 기침을 촉진한다.
4. Defibrillator

심실세동, 심실빈맥, 무수축 환자에게 사용. 심장에 단기간의 전류를 흐르게 하면 개개의 심근 세포가 순간적으로 탈분극을 일으켜 각 심근세포의 흥분과 자극 전도를 정상으로 만듦. 방전하기 전에 반드시 환자의 침대에서 사람들이 떨어져있게 하며, 사용한 후에는 반드시 제자리에 두고 항상 전월을 꽃아 충전해 두도록 한다.
5. EKG Monitoring

심장의 전기적 활동을 계속적으로 감시하기 위함. 진단을 위해 심장의 전기적 활동을 기록하고 비정상적인 리듬을 예측하여 치료에 도움을 주도록 하기 위함. 환자는 침대에 앙와위로 누워 전극을 부착하기 위한 부위의 피부 준비를 한다.
6. Endotracheal tube

의식이 없거나 심정지(cardiac arrest) 상태인 경우, 기계적 환기가 필요한 경우, 호흡부전이 있는 경우, 전신마취가 필요한 경우에 사용. 내관은 매일 소독하며, 내관을 빼기 전에 가래를 뽑아준다.
7. Gastrolavage set

위장관 정화로 중독물질의 제거에 도움은 되지만 안전한 구토 유발을 할 수 없는 환자(예: 혼수, 구역반사 소실, 경련, 심한 의식저하 등)에게 사용. 위카테타를 이용해 경구적 또는 경비적으로 위내에 삽입한다.
8. ICP monitoring

ICP 상승(위험)했을 경우, CT scan 비정상일 경우에 사용. 뇌압이 15mmHg 또는 180mmH2O 이상 지속적으로 상승되는 상태, 잠재적으로 생명이 위협받는 상태에서 사용한다.
9. Infusion pump

도파민, 스테로이드 등 각종 심혈관계나 호흡기계에 작용하는 약물, 수액을 소량 주입 시, 효능이 높은 약물의 저용량 투여가 필요한 신생아, 화상환자, 울혈성 심부전증이나 신부전 환자의 경우와 같은 성인 중환자실에서 많이 사용한다.
10. Intubation set

기도폐색 예방 및 제거하고 기관 내 분비물을 흡인하기 위해 사용. 체위: 머리를 과신전 시키지 않고 베개나 시트 이용하여 약간 올리며 머리는 신전, 목은 굴곡, 환자의 입, 인두, 기관이 일직선상에 놓일 수 있도록 한다.

Easy AI와 토픽 톺아보기

1. Airway

Airway management is a critical component of emergency and critical care medicine. Maintaining a patent airway and ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation are essential for patient survival. Proper airway management techniques, such as the use of bag-valve-mask ventilation, supraglottic airway devices, and endotracheal intubation, are crucial skills for healthcare providers to master. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the airway, as well as the indications, contraindications, and potential complications of various airway interventions, is crucial for providing safe and effective patient care. Continuous training and practice are necessary to maintain proficiency in airway management, as it is a perishable skill that requires regular reinforcement.
2. Ambu bag

The Ambu bag, also known as a self-inflating bag or manual resuscitator, is an essential tool in emergency and critical care settings. It is used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are unable to breathe effectively on their own. The Ambu bag allows healthcare providers to manually deliver oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen to the patient, ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Proper use of the Ambu bag requires understanding the appropriate technique, including the appropriate bag size, mask fit, and ventilation rate. Additionally, the Ambu bag should be used in conjunction with other airway management devices, such as an endotracheal tube or supraglottic airway, to provide the most effective respiratory support. Familiarity with the Ambu bag and regular training in its use are crucial for healthcare providers to provide high-quality, life-saving care.
3. Chest drainage set

The chest drainage set is a critical tool in the management of various thoracic conditions, such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pleural effusions. This set, which typically includes a chest tube, drainage tubing, and a collection system, allows for the controlled drainage of air or fluid from the pleural space, restoring normal respiratory mechanics and preventing further complications. Proper insertion and management of the chest drainage set require specialized training and expertise, as improper technique can lead to serious complications, such as infection, bleeding, or organ injury. Healthcare providers must be well-versed in the indications, contraindications, and potential complications of chest tube placement, as well as the appropriate techniques for monitoring and managing the drainage system. Continuous education and hands-on practice are essential for maintaining proficiency in the use of the chest drainage set and providing safe, effective care for patients with thoracic injuries or conditions.
4. Defibrillator

The defibrillator is a crucial medical device used in the management of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. By delivering a controlled electric shock to the heart, the defibrillator can restore normal heart rhythm and cardiac output, potentially saving the life of a patient in cardiac arrest. Proper use of the defibrillator requires healthcare providers to have a thorough understanding of cardiac anatomy and physiology, as well as the indications, contraindications, and potential complications of defibrillation. Providers must also be trained in the appropriate techniques for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and using the defibrillator in a coordinated manner to maximize the chances of successful resuscitation. Continuous training and practice are essential for maintaining proficiency in the use of the defibrillator, as it is a critical component of the chain of survival in the management of sudden cardiac arrest.
5. EKG Monitoring

Electrocardiogram (EKG) monitoring is a fundamental tool in the assessment and management of patients with various cardiac conditions. By providing a real-time representation of the electrical activity of the heart, the EKG allows healthcare providers to identify and diagnose a wide range of cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic events, and other cardiac abnormalities. Proper interpretation of the EKG requires a deep understanding of cardiac anatomy and physiology, as well as the ability to recognize and interpret the various waveforms and patterns that may be present. Healthcare providers must be trained in the appropriate techniques for obtaining a high-quality EKG, including proper electrode placement and patient preparation. Additionally, they must be able to integrate the EKG findings with the patient's clinical presentation to formulate an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan. Continuous education and practice are essential for maintaining proficiency in EKG interpretation and ensuring the provision of high-quality, evidence-based cardiac care.
6. Endotracheal tube

The endotracheal tube is a critical component of airway management, used to secure and maintain a patent airway in patients who are unable to breathe effectively on their own. Proper insertion and management of the endotracheal tube require specialized training and expertise, as improper technique can lead to serious complications, such as trauma to the airway, esophageal intubation, or ventilator-associated pneumonia. Healthcare providers must be well-versed in the indications, contraindications, and potential complications of endotracheal intubation, as well as the appropriate techniques for tube placement, cuff inflation, and ongoing management. Continuous education and hands-on practice are essential for maintaining proficiency in endotracheal intubation and providing safe, effective care for patients requiring advanced airway support. Additionally, the endotracheal tube must be used in conjunction with other airway management devices and techniques, such as the Ambu bag and capnography, to ensure optimal oxygenation and ventilation.
7. Gastrolavage set

The gastrolavage set is a medical device used to perform gastric lavage, a procedure in which the stomach is flushed with a saline solution to remove ingested toxins or foreign objects. This procedure is primarily used in the management of acute poisonings or drug overdoses, where it can help to reduce the absorption of the ingested substance and prevent further harm to the patient. Proper use of the gastrolavage set requires healthcare providers to have a thorough understanding of the indications, contraindications, and potential complications of the procedure, as well as the appropriate techniques for administering the lavage solution and monitoring the patient's response. Providers must also be trained in the safe handling and disposal of any potentially hazardous materials, as well as the appropriate infection control measures to prevent the transmission of pathogens. Continuous education and hands-on practice are essential for maintaining proficiency in the use of the gastrolavage set and providing safe, effective care for patients requiring this intervention.
8. ICP monitoring

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is a critical tool in the management of patients with various neurological conditions, such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, and hydrocephalus. By providing real-time information about the pressure within the skull, ICP monitoring allows healthcare providers to detect and manage potentially life-threatening increases in intracranial pressure, which can lead to brain herniation and permanent neurological damage if left untreated. Proper use of ICP monitoring devices requires specialized training and expertise, as improper placement or management can result in complications, such as infection, bleeding, or device malfunction. Healthcare providers must be well-versed in the indications, contraindications, and potential complications of ICP monitoring, as well as the appropriate techniques for device placement, calibration, and data interpretation. Continuous education and hands-on practice are essential for maintaining proficiency in the use of ICP monitoring and providing safe, effective care for patients with critical neurological conditions.
9. Infusion pump

The infusion pump is a critical medical device used to deliver fluids, medications, and other therapeutic agents to patients in a controlled and precise manner. Proper use of the infusion pump is essential for ensuring accurate dosing, minimizing the risk of medication errors, and providing safe, effective patient care. Healthcare providers must be trained in the appropriate techniques for programming, calibrating, and monitoring the infusion pump, as well as the potential complications and safety considerations associated with its use. This includes understanding the various types of infusion pumps, their specific features and capabilities, and the appropriate settings and parameters for different clinical scenarios. Continuous education and hands-on practice are necessary to maintain proficiency in the use of infusion pumps, as they are a complex and rapidly evolving technology that requires ongoing training and competency assessment. By mastering the use of infusion pumps, healthcare providers can help to improve patient outcomes, reduce the risk of adverse events, and provide high-quality, evidence-based care.
10. Intubation set

The intubation set is a critical tool used in the management of patients who require advanced airway support, such as those with respiratory failure, trauma, or other life-threatening conditions. This set typically includes a laryngoscope, endotracheal tubes, and other specialized equipment necessary for the safe and effective placement of an artificial airway. Proper use of the intubation set requires specialized training and expertise, as improper technique can lead to serious complications, such as airway trauma, esophageal intubation, or failed intubation. Healthcare providers must be well-versed in the indications, contraindications, and potential complications of intubation, as well as the appropriate techniques for tube selection, laryngoscope manipulation, and tube placement. Continuous education and hands-on practice are essential for maintaining proficiency in the use of the intubation set and providing safe, effective care for patients requiring advanced airway management. Additionally, the intubation set must be used in conjunction with other airway management devices and techniques, such as the Ambu bag and capnography, to ensure optimal oxygenation and ventilation.

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