성인간호학 약물정리

문서 내 토픽

1. Epinephrine

Epinephrine은 순환기계질환 치료에 사용되는 아드레날린 효능약입니다. 피하 및 근주 시 1회 0.2-1.0mL, 정맥주사 시 심정지 등 긴급 상황에는 0.25mL를 넘지 않는 범위에서 사용합니다. 주요 부작용으로는 심계항진, 심근허혈, 부정맥, 고혈압 등이 있습니다.
2. Atropine

Atropine은 진경제로 사용되며, 피하주사, 근육주사, 정맥주사로 투여할 수 있습니다. 유기인 살충제 중독 치료에 사용되며, 용량은 증상에 따라 0.5-4mg 범위에서 투여합니다. 주요 부작용으로는 동공확대, 조절장애, 구갈, 구토 등이 있습니다.
3. Sodium Bicarbonate

Sodium Bicarbonate는 산증 치료에 사용되는 제산제입니다. 정맥주사로 투여하며, 필요량은 부족염기량, 체중 등을 고려하여 계산합니다. 주요 부작용으로는 알칼리증, 고나트륨혈증, 저칼륨혈증 등이 있습니다.
4. Calcium Chloride

Calcium Chloride는 단백아미노산제제로, 경구 또는 위장관 영양공급이 불가능한 환자에게 정맥으로 투여합니다. 일반적으로 총 아미노산으로서 1일 0.7-1.0g/kg을 투여합니다. 주요 부작용으로는 산증, 고혈당, 간기능 이상 등이 있습니다.
5. Amiodarone

Amiodarone은 부정맥 치료제로, 심방성 부정맥, 심실성 부정맥 등의 치료에 사용됩니다. 정맥주사로 투여하며, 포화요법과 유지요법으로 나누어 투여합니다. 주요 부작용으로는 간질성 폐렴, 간장애, 서맥 등이 있습니다.
6. Adenosine

Adenosine은 관상동맥혈관이완을 목적으로 정맥주사로 투여합니다. 주요 부작용으로는 심장차단, 부정맥, 호흡곤란 등이 있습니다.
7. Calcium Gluconate

Calcium Gluconate는 저칼슘혈증 치료에 사용되며, 정맥주사로 투여합니다. 주요 부작용으로는 말초혈관이완, 혈압강하, 고칼슘혈증 등이 있습니다.
8. Dopamine

Dopamine은 순환기계질환 치료에 사용되는 아드레날린 효능약입니다. 정맥주사로 투여하며, 체중 kg당 2-50μg/분의 용량으로 투여합니다. 주요 부작용으로는 부정맥, 말초혈관수축, 구토 등이 있습니다.
9. Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine은 순환기계질환 치료에 사용되는 아드레날린 효능약입니다. 정맥주사로 투여하며, 1회 8mg을 5% 생리식염주사액 1000ml에 희석하여 분당 2-3ml의 비율로 투여합니다. 주요 부작용으로는 심계항진, 고혈압, 괴사 등이 있습니다.

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1. Epinephrine

Epinephrine is a critical medication in emergency medicine, particularly for the treatment of anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and other life-threatening conditions. It acts as a powerful alpha and beta adrenergic agonist, causing vasoconstriction, increased heart rate and contractility, and bronchodilation. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, as it rapidly reverses the symptoms of severe allergic reactions. In cardiac arrest, epinephrine helps restore spontaneous circulation by increasing coronary and cerebral perfusion. While epinephrine can have side effects such as tachycardia, hypertension, and arrhythmias, its benefits typically outweigh the risks in emergency situations. Proper dosing and administration are crucial to ensure the safe and effective use of epinephrine.
2. Atropine

Atropine is a potent anticholinergic medication with a wide range of clinical applications. It is primarily used to treat bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, and certain types of nerve agent exposure. Atropine works by blocking the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, leading to increased heart rate, reduced gastrointestinal and urinary tract secretions, and pupillary dilation. In the context of emergency medicine, atropine is particularly valuable for its ability to reverse life-threatening bradycardia and to counteract the effects of cholinergic toxins. However, atropine must be used with caution, as it can also cause side effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, and central nervous system disturbances. Careful monitoring and titration of the dose are essential to ensure the safe and effective use of atropine.
3. Sodium Bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate is a versatile medication used in various emergency and critical care situations. Its primary mechanism of action is to help correct metabolic acidosis, which can occur in conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, and severe diarrhea. By neutralizing excess hydrogen ions, sodium bicarbonate can help restore the body's pH balance and improve tissue oxygenation. In cardiac arrest, sodium bicarbonate may be used to treat severe acidosis and improve the effectiveness of other resuscitative measures. However, the use of sodium bicarbonate in cardiac arrest remains controversial, as its benefits have not been consistently demonstrated in clinical trials. Additionally, sodium bicarbonate can have adverse effects, such as electrolyte imbalances and increased intracellular acidosis. Careful consideration of the risks and benefits is necessary when using sodium bicarbonate in emergency settings.
4. Calcium Chloride

Calcium chloride is an important medication used in emergency and critical care settings for the treatment of various conditions. Its primary mechanism of action is to increase the concentration of ionized calcium in the body, which is essential for proper muscle and nerve function, as well as for maintaining normal cardiac contractility. In the context of emergency medicine, calcium chloride is commonly used to treat hypocalcemia, which can occur in conditions such as severe burns, pancreatitis, and certain medication overdoses. It may also be used to treat hyperkalemia, as it can help counteract the effects of elevated potassium levels on the heart. Calcium chloride is generally considered safe when administered correctly, but it can cause side effects such as bradycardia, hypotension, and tissue necrosis if extravasated. Careful monitoring and appropriate dosing are crucial to ensure the safe and effective use of calcium chloride in emergency situations.
5. Amiodarone

Amiodarone is a complex and versatile antiarrhythmic medication used in emergency and critical care settings. It is particularly valuable for the treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Amiodarone works by blocking multiple ion channels, including sodium, potassium, and calcium channels, which helps to stabilize the myocardium and restore normal cardiac rhythm. In the context of cardiac arrest, amiodarone has been shown to improve the likelihood of achieving return of spontaneous circulation and survival to hospital discharge. However, amiodarone is also known for its extensive list of potential side effects, including thyroid dysfunction, pulmonary toxicity, and liver damage. Careful patient selection, monitoring, and dose titration are essential to ensure the safe and effective use of amiodarone in emergency situations.
6. Adenosine

Adenosine is a unique medication used in emergency and critical care settings for the treatment of certain types of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Its mechanism of action involves the temporary slowing of atrioventricular (AV) node conduction, which can help to interrupt the reentrant pathways responsible for SVT. Adenosine is particularly valuable because it acts quickly, with effects typically seen within 10-20 seconds of administration. This rapid onset of action makes adenosine a valuable tool for the immediate management of hemodynamically stable SVT. However, adenosine is not without its risks, as it can cause transient but severe bradycardia, hypotension, and even asystole. Careful patient selection, monitoring, and dose titration are essential to ensure the safe and effective use of adenosine in emergency settings.
7. Calcium Gluconate

Calcium gluconate is an important medication used in emergency and critical care settings for the treatment of various conditions, including hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, and certain types of toxicological emergencies. Its primary mechanism of action is to increase the concentration of ionized calcium in the body, which is essential for proper muscle and nerve function, as well as for maintaining normal cardiac contractility. In the context of emergency medicine, calcium gluconate may be used to treat life-threatening conditions such as severe hypocalcemia, which can occur in conditions like pancreatitis, rhabdomyolysis, and certain medication overdoses. Calcium gluconate may also be used to counteract the effects of hyperkalemia on the heart. While generally considered safe when administered correctly, calcium gluconate can cause side effects such as bradycardia, hypotension, and tissue necrosis if extravasated. Careful monitoring and appropriate dosing are crucial to ensure the safe and effective use of calcium gluconate in emergency situations.
8. Dopamine

Dopamine is a potent catecholamine medication used in emergency and critical care settings for the management of various hemodynamic and cardiovascular conditions. Its mechanism of action involves the stimulation of dopaminergic, alpha-adrenergic, and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to a complex set of effects on the cardiovascular system. In the context of emergency medicine, dopamine is commonly used to treat hypotension, cardiogenic shock, and septic shock, as it can help to increase blood pressure, cardiac output, and organ perfusion. However, the use of dopamine is not without risks, as it can also cause adverse effects such as tachycardia, arrhythmias, and vasoconstriction. Careful patient selection, monitoring, and dose titration are essential to ensure the safe and effective use of dopamine in emergency settings.
9. Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine is a potent vasopressor medication used in emergency and critical care settings for the management of shock and hypotension. Its primary mechanism of action involves the stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction and increased peripheral vascular resistance. This, in turn, helps to restore blood pressure and improve organ perfusion in patients with life-threatening conditions such as septic shock, cardiogenic shock, and distributive shock. Norepinephrine is generally considered the first-line vasopressor in the treatment of shock, as it has been shown to improve survival outcomes compared to other vasopressors. However, the use of norepinephrine is not without risks, as it can cause adverse effects such as tachycardia, arrhythmias, and tissue ischemia. Careful patient selection, monitoring, and dose titration are essential to ensure the safe and effective use of norepinephrine in emergency settings.

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