. in terms of the effective size and the biofilm growth increases the effective particle diameter.9 ... media increases with time as substrate is removed, which then lowers the particle specific density ... -6. SUBMERGED AEROBIC ATTACHED GROWTH PROCESSES The media size selection in a BAF design must be
nm spot size at 1 pA I on 500 V ~ 30 kV Ga + B eam 1pA to 20 nAFIB(Focused Ion Beam) Particle FIB ... SEM Ratio (FIB/SEM) Type Ga + ion Electron Elementary charge +1 -1 Particlesize 0.2 nm 0.00001 nm ... Quality pixel Probe size Pixel size = Interaction volume ☞ Sharpest image Interaction volumeSEM(Scanning
이 싸다 . 단점 : 다핀의 경우 공정시간이 길기 때문에 경제성이 없다 . Stud bump 특징 Ball material Au ( pb free ) Min. ball size 45 ... 공정은 다음과 같다 . ① Die 준비 (testing, bumping, dicing) ② Substrate 준비 (flux application or solder paste ... ㎛ Min. Pitch about 70㎛ No need for UBM in substrate Cheap, but low throughput Sem micrograph of gold