캘리포니아 골드러시(영어로작성)

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본문내용

During the Gold Rush, Individuals from all over the United States flocked to California, seeking for easy fortunes and economic freedom in the Eldora do. Upon their influx in California, The forty-niners rapidly changed local economies, hunting for unclaimed gold and spending the gold on their livings. As a result of their economic activities, there formed free markets in which the gold was capitalized and traded with other commodities without hindrance of authorities. As anarchical atmosphere continues, however, people realized the need for rules and institutions to protect them from theft, murder, and high cost of inflation. The balance between economic wealth and social welfare became the major issue of the time. Economist Karl Polanyi termed this phenomenon as double movement, which means people demand a welfare state after experiencing a mess of free capital market (O’Brien, 2007, p.117). The forty-niners most represented the double movement, pendulum-swinging from economic freedom to welfare state in the 19th century of California.

참고자료

· Hiram and Sera Pierce. (2006). Retrieved February 5, 2009 from www.pbs.org
· Holliday, J.S. (1998, January/February). Gold fever! Humanities, 19(1), 12 – 18. Retrieved February 5, 2009 from Academic Search Elite.
· MacLowry, R. (Director & Producer), Longsworth, L. (Producer). (2006). The Gold Rush [film]. (Available from PBS.org).
· Rohrbaugh, Malcolm J. (1997). Days of Gold. Berkeley, California: UC Press.
· Sam Brannan. (2006). Retrieved February 5, 2009 from www.pbs.org
· The California Gold Rush. (2006). Retrieved February 5, 2009 from www.pbs.org