Bill Proposal (법안 제안서) - house arrest (가택구금법)

소개

"Bill Proposal (법안 제안서) - house arrest (가택구금법)"에 대한 내용입니다.

목차

I. Purpose of Legislation

II. Specific Provisions

III. Table of Comparison

IV. Implications and Justification of Proposed Legislation

V. International Status
A. Canada
B. Poland
C. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
D. United States of America

VI. Conclusion

VII. References

본문내용

I. Purpose of Legislation Currently, as the number of parolees continues to increase due to the overcrowding of prison facilities, public anxiety is increasing. The increase of parole is due to the overcrowding of prison facilities, and the consequent rise of prisoners’ human rights issues. The number of cases of parole was 5,394 in 2014, 8,667 in 2018, and 9,354 in 2021, with parole rates rising from 26.2% in 2017 to 40.7% in 2022. Looking at the prisoners released on parole, 4,023 were released with less than 90% of the sentence executed in 2021. In addition, even crimes with a high recidivism rate and violent crimes according to public sentiment are practically carried out on parole. Unlike the increased number of parolees, public awareness of parole has been at a standstill. There is a widespread perception that “parole is not punishing criminals properly.'' Despite the good purpose of the parole system, the government's continued plan to expand parole, parolees include 1,694 people who have committed murder in the past five years and sex offenders in the past three years. Therefore, there is a possibility that public anxiety will increase. But then, why does the government want to extend parole? It is because there is a problem of prison facilities becoming overcrowded. This overcrowding of prison facilities raises concerns and issues regarding prisoners’ human rights issues. The status of the number of inmates by year in prison facilities relative to the prisons’ capacities was 104.2% in 2013, 114.2% in 2015, and 119.8% in 2017. From 2017 to 2021, we can observe a slight decrease due to increased parole, but it is still more than 100% - beyond the acceptable accommodation rate. The construction of new prisons to improve it has repeatedly failed in the face of opposition from local communities due to the NIMBY phenomenon. In addition, it continues to be pointed out that in the case of short-term punishment of restricting physical freedom, problems such as contact with other criminals are greater than the correctional effects of the sentence.

참고자료

· Criminal Justice Act 2003. (2003). Retrieved May 29, 2023, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/44/contents.
· Canada, P. S. (2022, July 29). Electronic monitoring in Canada. Public Safety Canada.https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/lctrnc-mntrng-cnd/index-en.aspx
· Dziennik Ustaw Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. (2015). Ustawa z dnia 20 lutego 2015 r. o zmianie ustawy
· Kodeks Karny oraz niektórych innych ustaw. Retrieved May 29, 2023, from https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20150000396/O/D20150396.pdf.
· Gainey, Randy R. (2016, November 28). house arrest. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 29, 2023 from https://www.britannica.com/topic/house-arrest.
· Gorin, E. (n.d.). Van Nuys/Encino headquarters. Eisner Gorin LLP. https://www.egattorneys.com/house-arrest-penal-code-1203-016
· HM Prison & Probation Service. (2021). Home Detention Curfew (HDC) Policy Framework. Retrieved May 29, 2023 from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/996345/home-detention-curfew-pf.pdf.
· Home Detention Curfew (HDC). Retrieved May 29, 2023, from https://www.familiesoutside.org.uk/publications/information-sheets/home-detention-curfew-h dc/.
· Kaczmarczyk, Justyna. (2017). Criminal Law. Retrieved May 29, 2023, from https://polishlawexplained.com/criminallaw#:~:text=If%20you've%20been%20sentenced,you r%20wrist%20or%20your%20ankle.
· Knopp, Jagoda. Kto może odbywać karę w systemie dozoru elektronicznego?. Retrieved May 29, 2023, from https://ugwlaw.pl/moze-odbywac-kare-systemie-dozoru-elektronicznego/#:~:text=W%20syste mie%20dozoru%20elektronicznego%20odbywa%C4%87,pozbawienia%20i%20ograniczenia %20wolno%C5%9Bci%20(art.
· Legal Aid Ontario. (2023). Conditional sentence (“house arrest”). Legal Aid Ontario. https://www.legalaid.on.ca/faq/conditional-sentence-house-arrest/#:~:text=House%20 arrest%20usually%20means%20that,those%20of%20a%20probation%20order.
· législatifs, D. des services. (2023, April 27). Lois codifiées, code criminel. Code criminel. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/fra/lois/c-46/section-348.html
· Mironowicz, Anna. (2020). SYSTEM DOZORU ELEKTRONICZNEGO. Retrieved May 29, 2023, from https://skierniewice.sr.gov.pl/index.php?p=m&idg=mg,3,92.
· Petersilia, J. (1998). House arrest. House Arrest | Office of Justice Programs. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/house-arrest
· Prison Reform Trust. Home Detention Curfew (HDC). Retrieved May 29, 2023, from https://prisonreformtrust.org.uk/adviceguide/home-detention-curfew-hdc/#:~:text=Home%20 Detention%20Curfew%20is%20a,known%20as%20a%20'curfew'.
· Sejm. (2007). Ustawa z dnia 7 września 2007 r. o wykonywaniu kary pozbawienia wolności poza zakładem karnym w systemie dozoru elektronicznego. Retrieved May 29, 2023, from https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20071911366.
· Szewczyk-Kmiecik, Joanna. (2022). Areszt domowy – system dozoru elektronicznego – jak to wygląda, kto może z niego skorzystać. Retrieved May 29, 2023, from https://kancelariajsk.pl/areszt-domowy-system-dozoru-elektronicznego-jak-to-wyglada-kto-m oze-z-niego-skorzystac/.
· Trzaska, Honorata. (2023). Sprawy karne skarbowe. Retrieved May 29, 2023, from https://www.gov.pl/web/kas/sprawy-karne-skarbowe#:~:text=Przest%C4%99pstwem%20skar bowym%20jest%20czyn%20zabroniony,wolno%C5%9Bci%20lub%20kary%20pozbawienia %20wolno%C5%9Bci.