Listening

목차

1. What is involved in listening?
2. Listening skills &　Listening Strategies
3. Historical Overview
4. Cognitive processes
5. Types of knowledge that support listening comprehension
6. Classroom applications
7. Conclusion

본문내용

1. What is involved in listening?
1-1. Listening (vs Hearing)
- Listening is active process(not passive) ∴makes reasonable interpretation
- from all levels of text and context simultaneously not just sound
- from the communication purpose(goal directed, purposeful)
- from place and setting for interaction

4 sources in listening: the messages, speaker, listener, physical setting

- pre-/mid-/post-listen: strategies in listening each stages

1-2. Active listening

∴ Active listener: constructs reasonable interpretations on the basis of an underspecified input and recognizes more specific needed information is require.

: the process of attending carefully to what a speaker is saying, involving such techniques as paraphrasing the speaker's remarks.
① One-way: Nonparticipatory
- Listeners have few or no opportunities to interact directly with speaker and have rely almost exclusively on their linguistic knowledge, experience, and factual knowledge to make sense of what they hear.
- Input coms from convercation overheard, public address, announcement, record
② Two-way: Interactive and Participatory
- Listeners are participants in an interaction where they alternate between the role of the listener and the speaker.
③ Self-dialogue communication
- Input coms from our internal language in our thought process

참고 자료

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