한국에서의 입법평가 : 사례연구 ― 입법평가 기준틀의 모색을 위한 시론 ― (Evaluation of Legislation in Korea : A Case Study - A Preliminary Study on the Framework and Criteria for Legislative Evaluation -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국공법학회
· 수록지 정보 : 공법연구 / 38권 / 1호 / 181 ~ 214페이지
· 저자명 : 이인호

초록

입법평가란 기본적으로 입법의 효과(effects)에 초점을 맞추어, 특정한 입법조치가 수범자의 태도나 행동 혹은 상황에 어떤 변화를 야기하는지를 분석하고, 그 변화의 결과를 비용(costs)과 편익(benefits)의 관점에서 평가하는 작업이다. 그리하여 입법평가는 입법조치와 사회현실 사이의 인과관계(causal relations)에 관심을 갖는다. 통상 입법자는 명시적이든 묵시적이든 인과관계에 관한 일정한 가정(assumptions)에 근거해서 입법행위를 한다. 그러나 입법평가의 주된 목적이 그러한 입법자의 가정이 옳고 그르다는 것을 증명해보이려는 것은 아니다. 입법평가란 입법의 효과에 관한 입법자의 가정과 인식을 향상시키기 위한 것이다. 때문에 입법평가는 입법조치와 사회현실 사이의 인과관계에 관한 정확하고 적절한 정보나 지식을 산출하여 입법자에게 제공함으로써 입법의 질을 제고하고자 하는 실천적인 작업이다.
이 글은 이러한 입법평가 작업을 수행하기 위한 기준틀을 모색하기 위한 시론적 연구이다. 제2장(II)에서는 이러한 입법평가의 개념과 그 의의가 어디에 있는지, 입법평가(사전입법평가, 병행입법평가, 사후입법평가)의 구체적인 목적이 무엇인지, 그리고 입법평가의 한계가 무엇인지를 간단히 살핀다. 이어 제3장(III)에서는 입법평가의 기준을 7가지로 제시하고 각 기준의 판단에 필요한 평가요소들을 정리하면서 이해의 편의를 위하여 관련된 몇 가지 입법사례들을 소개한다. 7가지 입법평가의 기준은 다음과 같다: (i) 입법목표의 근거충실성과 명확성, (ii) 규율범위의 적정성, (iii) 대안모색의 적정성, (iv) 규율의 체계정합성, (v) 입법의 효과성(effectiveness), (vi) 입법의 유효성(efficacy), 그리고 (vii) 입법의 효율성(efficiency).

영어초록

The evaluation of legislation means the analysis and assessment of the effects of legislation. It basically focuses on the effects of any bill or statute. It usually analyzes what changes a bill will bring about or a statute have brought about in the behaviors of people and social circumstances. Then it assesses the results of change in view of cost and benefit. In result, the legislative evaluation is interested in the causal relationship between the legislative measures and social realities.
This paper is a preliminary study on the framework and criteria for legislative evaluation in Korea. It elucidates seven criteria of evaluation: (i) Sufficient Grounds and Definiteness of Legislative Goals; (ii) Propriety of Regulation Scope; (iii) Reasonableness of Alternative Probe; (iv) Systemic Consistency of Regulation; (v) Effectiveness of Legislation; (vi) Efficacy of Legislation; and (vii) Efficiency of Legislation. The evaluative elements in each criterion are as follows.

Criteria of Evaluation
Types of Evaluation
Elements of Evaluation
Sufficient Grounds and Definiteness of Legislative Goals

Ex-ante
Evaluation
① Fully catch hold of the nature of the risk or harm on the basis of accurate and sufficient factual grounds?
② Properly judge that an affair causing risk or harm embraces any other good effect or utility?
③ Properly set up the legislative goals on the sufficient factual grounds?
④ Obviously present the legislative goals?
Propriety of Regulation Scope
Ex-ante
Evaluation/
Midterm
Evaluation
① Classify the weight of risk or the priority of regulation need between the objects of regulation?
② Properly define the scope of regulation according to the above priorities?
Reasonableness of Alternative Probe
Ex-ante
Evaluation
/
Midterm
Evaluation
① Cannot the new legislative goals be achieved through the existing regulations?
② Does a temporary alternative belong to the ambit of the legislative powers?
③ Generally estimate the presumptive costs and benefits of each possible alternative?
④ Do the opted legislative measures cause damage to the important constitutional principles and values?
⑤ Do the opted legislative measures guarantee the superiority over any other alternatives?
Systemic
Consistency of Regulation
Midterm
Evaluation
① Is the strength or density of the regulation proportional to the risk or harm on the whole?
② Do the legislative measures overlap each other in the objects and domain of regulation?
③ Is there a contradiction between basic concepts?
Effectiveness of Legislation
Midterm
Evaluation
① Is it not a genuine retroactive legislation which change the completed legal effects of past actions or situations?
② Take any reparative measures for disadvantages suffered by the change of legislation?
③ Is the regulation intelligible, simple, and definite?
④ Require too high level of moral standards?
⑤ Endeavor to hear and reflect the opinions of those interested?
Post
Evaluation
① Does an average person understand the regulation contents easily and accurately?
② Do the people abide by the legislation?
③ Does the compliance result from the legislative instructions?
Efficacy of Legislation
Midterm
Evaluation
① Is the causal assumption between goal and measure correct?
Post
Evaluation
① Do the results of legislation come close to the expected goals?
② Are there any other elements or factors which influence the legislative results?
Efficiency of Legislation
Midterm
Evaluation
① Are the prospective benefits high in priority of social demands?
② Are the prospective benefits urgent and compelling?
③ Do the prospective costs have something to do with the detriment of constitutional interest or values?
④ Are the prospective side effects grave and serious?
Post
Evaluation
① What kind of benefits and to what extent did the legislation attain?
② To what extent did the legislation command enforcement costs?
③ Did the legislation cause damage to the constitutional interest or values?
④ What kind of side effects did the legislation yield?

참고자료

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