지역성을 중심으로 본 1930-40년대 미국의 초현실주의 (The American Surrealism based on Regionalism from 1930s to 1940s)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서양미술사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양미술사학회 논문집 / 36호 / 121 ~ 148페이지
· 저자명 : 이은경

초록

If we examine more closely, the American surrealism disclosed its limitation in maintaining its tradition. Nevertheless the American artists carried out various experiments on surrealism for 10 years from the mid 1930s until the mid 1940s.
The reason is that development of surrealism was made during this short period of time in some areas.
Since diversification and objectification have been the mode of research until recently, artistic and historical observations on surrealism have been defined in limited terms including, “Social Surrealism,” “Post Surrealism,” and “Magic Realism.”However, it is noticeable that the future alternative of the new art which Breton wanted to transmit through surrealism was found in the American surrealism in spite of the limitation that America had a cultural hegemony. Experiments by the artists who wanted to recreate surrealism from the American view similarly showed various surrealistic techniques and formative attitudes including automatism, collage,depaysement and surreality of space-time. Naturally, it cannot be said that this was generated from the complete understanding of surrealistic concept that pursues to liberate human consciousness by rejecting the rationality through the research of unconsciousness or Breton’s ‘Lead Tube’ theory that connects unconsciousness and a state of dream. However, the basic concept of surrealism, which tried to deviate from the existing art form and pursue the fundamental liberation of human, created the unique style of surrealism in America by being contacted with the American artists who dreamed of a new art style and united with the American regional characteristics.
It showed its unique style that was different from not only the European surrealism, which was developed based on Paris but also based on surrealistic trend which became international. It means that the unique regionality of the American surrealism was created by the coincided situations that America had the cultural hegemony due to the exiles of the European surrealists and the trial to establish American identity was considered as the priority at that time. The delivery methods of surrealism, which have various forms in different regions by publications,exhibitions, inflows of the European surrealists and the diverse relationship between artists, galleries, collectors and critics in different regions, were reflected in the style of surrealism that was developed in America.
New York was not free from the political intentions that pursued to establish the American identity. On the other hand, in peripheral areas of New York, the phenomenon is observed that the remarkable regionality has been actually created since it depended on the indirect delivery method from accessibility. Eventually, it means that regionality in the American surrealism is not limited to the fragmentary view that the regional characteristic is simply reflected in works of the artist. It can be presumed that the attitudes for acceptance of surrealism and various factors from complicated relations in the regional artistic community were revealed as the regionality.

영어초록

If we examine more closely, the American surrealism disclosed its limitation in maintaining its tradition. Nevertheless the American artists carried out various experiments on surrealism for 10 years from the mid 1930s until the mid 1940s.
The reason is that development of surrealism was made during this short period of time in some areas.
Since diversification and objectification have been the mode of research until recently, artistic and historical observations on surrealism have been defined in limited terms including, “Social Surrealism,” “Post Surrealism,” and “Magic Realism.”However, it is noticeable that the future alternative of the new art which Breton wanted to transmit through surrealism was found in the American surrealism in spite of the limitation that America had a cultural hegemony. Experiments by the artists who wanted to recreate surrealism from the American view similarly showed various surrealistic techniques and formative attitudes including automatism, collage,depaysement and surreality of space-time. Naturally, it cannot be said that this was generated from the complete understanding of surrealistic concept that pursues to liberate human consciousness by rejecting the rationality through the research of unconsciousness or Breton’s ‘Lead Tube’ theory that connects unconsciousness and a state of dream. However, the basic concept of surrealism, which tried to deviate from the existing art form and pursue the fundamental liberation of human, created the unique style of surrealism in America by being contacted with the American artists who dreamed of a new art style and united with the American regional characteristics.
It showed its unique style that was different from not only the European surrealism, which was developed based on Paris but also based on surrealistic trend which became international. It means that the unique regionality of the American surrealism was created by the coincided situations that America had the cultural hegemony due to the exiles of the European surrealists and the trial to establish American identity was considered as the priority at that time. The delivery methods of surrealism, which have various forms in different regions by publications,exhibitions, inflows of the European surrealists and the diverse relationship between artists, galleries, collectors and critics in different regions, were reflected in the style of surrealism that was developed in America.
New York was not free from the political intentions that pursued to establish the American identity. On the other hand, in peripheral areas of New York, the phenomenon is observed that the remarkable regionality has been actually created since it depended on the indirect delivery method from accessibility. Eventually, it means that regionality in the American surrealism is not limited to the fragmentary view that the regional characteristic is simply reflected in works of the artist. It can be presumed that the attitudes for acceptance of surrealism and various factors from complicated relations in the regional artistic community were revealed as the regionality.

참고자료

· 없음