해상테러리즘의 실태와 초국가적 공조방안 (The State of Maritime Terrorism and Transnational Cooperation Measures)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국테러학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국테러학회보 / 6권 / 1호 / 122 ~ 156페이지
· 저자명 : 이정덕

초록

해상운송의 안전 및 해양환경을 해치는 대표적인 위해행위로는 해상테러, 해적행위, 해상무장강도 등이 있다. 이러한 불법행위들은 인류안전과 국제무역에 심각한 문제를 야기하고 있다. 그러나 기존의 국제협약에서 포섭되는 해적의 정의는 너무 협소하여 해상에서 빈번하게 발생하고 있는 피해양태를 포함하지 못하고 있다. 또한 해적과 해상테러리즘이 연계될 가능성이 높고, 기존의 테러와는 달리 경제적인 약탈을 목적으로 해상테러가 발생하는 경향도 있어 해적과 해상테러의 개념정리에도 많은 문제가 발생하고 있다. 특히 해상테러에 관하여 전통적 테러나 테러의 개념을 있는 그대로 적용하면 많은 모순점들이 발견될 수 있다. 왜냐하면 전통적 테러의 개념은 다분히 정치성을 강조하지만 실제로 해상테러는 이념적인 가치 이외에도 단순범죄 행위와 경제적 약탈 등 다양한 목적들을 포함한 개념들이 존재하기 때문이다.
우리나라는 지정학적으로 3면이 바다와 접하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 자원이 부족하여 국가경제의 대부분을 국제무역에 의존하고 있으며, 국제교역량의 99.7%가 해상교통에 의해 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 특히 세계에서 가장 많은 해적들이 출몰하는 아덴만(the Gulf of Aden) 인근의 인도양, 아시아에서 가장 해적들이 많이 기승을 부리는 말라카해협, 남중국해는 우리나라는 물론 세계 여러 나라가 활용하는 주요한 해상운송경로이고 우리나라가 중동에서 수입하는 원유는 이들 해역을 지나갈 수밖에 없는 지정학적 특징을 가지고 있어 이곳에서의 해적사건 발생은 항상 우리의 관심사가 되고 있다. 아울러 해상테러행위에 대한 관심이 촉구되는 이유는 특정한 사람을 대상으로 하는 것이 아니라 선박이라는 운송수단을 대상으로 하기 때문에 무고한 제3자에게 피해를 끼칠 가능성이 매우 높아 해상테러범에 대하여는 보통의 테러범과는 달리 특별한 규제가 필요하다.
따라서 해상테러 방지를 위한 국제협력을 강화방안 등을 지속적으로 연구하여 능동적으로 대응하는 방법을 계속적으로 추진하여야 한다. 아시아지역해적퇴치협정(ReCAAP) 고위급회의를 개최하고, 유엔 IMO의 국제회의 참가 및 협력을 확대하도록 해야 한다.

영어초록

Piracy, terrorism and armed robbery against ships are the major harmful factors that threaten the security of maritime transportation and marine environments. Even though these criminal activities pose a danger to the safety of people and international trade, the existing definition of the word “piracy” that is agreed upon internationally is not very inclusive, thus leaving out some of the related acts that inflict considerable damages. Furthermore, as there is a high possibility of correlation between pirates and maritime terrorism and a trend that maritime terrorist attacks are carried out for economic gain, numerous problems have arisen in conceptualizing them. Specifically, a lot of inconsistencies may be detected when the concept of traditional terrorism is applied to maritime terrorism since traditional terrorism places much emphasis on political motivation whereas minor criminal behavior and plundering are also included in maritime terrorism in addition to the ideological value.
Geopolitically, the Korean peninsula is surrounded by the sea on three sides and the country’s economy is largely dependent upon international trade of which 99.7 percent is done by maritime transportation. Some of the sites of frequent piracy around the world, parts of the Indian Ocean near the Gulf of Aden, the Strait of Malacca, and South China Sea, are utilized by various countries, including South Korea as the main transportation routes. Also, as the imported crude oil from the middle eastern countries have to pass through these locations to reach South Korea, the piracy occurring around these areas draws Piracy, terrorism and armed robbery against ships are the major harmful factors that threaten the security of maritime transportation and marine environments. Even though these criminal activities pose a danger to the safety of people and international trade, the existing definition of the word “piracy” that is agreed upon internationally is not very inclusive, thus leaving out some of the related acts that inflict considerable damages. Furthermore, as there is a high possibility of correlation between pirates and maritime terrorism and a trend that maritime terrorist attacks are carried out for economic gain, numerous problems have arisen in conceptualizing them. Specifically, a lot of inconsistencies may be detected when the concept of traditional terrorism is applied to maritime terrorism since traditional terrorism places much emphasis on political motivation whereas minor criminal behavior and plundering are also included in maritime terrorism in addition to the ideological value.
Geopolitically, the Korean peninsula is surrounded by the sea on three sides and the country’s economy is largely dependent upon international trade of which 99.7 percent is done by maritime transportation. Some of the sites of frequent piracy around the world, parts of the Indian Ocean near the Gulf of Aden, the Strait of Malacca, and South China Sea, are utilized by various countries, including South Korea as the main transportation routes. Also, as the imported crude oil from the middle eastern countries have to pass through these locations to reach South Korea, the piracy occurring around these areas draws Piracy, terrorism and armed robbery against ships are the major harmful factors that threaten the security of maritime transportation and marine environments. Even though these criminal activities pose a danger to the safety of people and international trade, the existing definition of the word “piracy” that is agreed upon internationally is not very inclusive, thus leaving out some of the related acts that inflict considerable damages. Furthermore, as there is a high possibility of correlation between pirates and maritime terrorism and a trend that maritime terrorist attacks are carried out for economic gain, numerous problems have arisen in conceptualizing them. Specifically, a lot of inconsistencies may be detected when the concept of traditional terrorism is applied to maritime terrorism since traditional terrorism places much emphasis on political motivation whereas minor criminal behavior and plundering are also included in maritime terrorism in addition to the ideological value.
Geopolitically, the Korean peninsula is surrounded by the sea on three sides and the country’s economy is largely dependent upon international trade of which 99.7 percent is done by maritime transportation. Some of the sites of frequent piracy around the world, parts of the Indian Ocean near the Gulf of Aden, the Strait of Malacca, and South China Sea, are utilized by various countries, including South Korea as the main transportation routes. Also, as the imported crude oil from the middle eastern countries have to pass through these locations to reach South Korea, the piracy occurring around these areas draws attention of the country.
In addition, another reason for the increasing interest in maritime terrorism is the fact that the target of most maritime terrorists is a freighter, and possible negative consequences of the crime include the harm inflicted on the innocent people. Therefore, unlike in the case of traditional terrorists, the introduction of special regulations for maritime terrorists is necessary. Consequently, prevention measures such as the improvement of international cooperation have to be reviewed and developed continually in a proactive manner. Moreover, high-level meetings of the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia (ReCAAP) must be held and the related personnel should attend the conferences hosted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for expansion of cooperation.

참고자료

· 없음