조선전기 滿浦鎭과 滿浦僉使 (The Manpo Garrison and Manpo Cheomsa during early Joseon)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 사학연구 / 97호 / 49 ~ 82페이지
· 저자명 : 김순남

초록

조선시대 만포는 평안도의 최북단에 위치한 진이었다. 만포는 建州衛와 바로 경계를 접하고 있었다. 이러한 지리적 조건 때문에 만포는 국방상 요충지이며 여진들의 朝聘路였다. 만포는 세조대 이전까지 압록강 연안의 口子로서 萬戶가 파견되었다. 그러다가 세조 6년(1460) 鎭으로 승격되어 종3품의 僉使가 파견되었다.
만포진에서는 첨사를 중심으로 활발한 대여진 교린 활동이 이루어졌다. 만포첨사는 문무의 재능을 겸비한 당상관이었다. 첨사직에는 조선 초기에는 무신으로, 중중대 이후에는 문신으로 임용되었다. 만포진은 조선전기 여진정책이 구현되는 중심지였다. 만포진에서의 對女眞 활동은 조선전기 북방정책의 成敗와 직결되어 있었다.
본 논문은 조선전기 만포진과 만포첨사를 통해 당시 북방정책의 운영 양상을 밝히고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 만포진 설치의 역사적 과정을 살피고, 다음으로 만포첨사의 임용과 활동 실상을 파악하며, 마지막으로 만포진에서 구현되던 교린활동의 구체적 내용을 알아보고자 한다.

영어초록

Manpo was a garrison located in the most remote northern area of Pyeongan Province during the Joseon era. Manpo shared a border with the Jurchens, in particular the Jianzhou Wei. Due to its geographical position, Manpo was regarded as a strategic point for national defense and as a jobingno (path used by Jurchen envoys to Joseon). Prior to the reign of King Sejo, Manpo served as a small gateway to the Amnok (Yalu) River area. Moreover, it was common for a governmentofficial holding the position of Manho (萬戶) to be dispatched to this area. However, Manpo was upgraded to the status of jin (garrison) in 1460 (6th year of King Sejo) and a Senior Rank 3 official holding the post of Cheomsa (僉使) was dispatched to the area.
Good-neighbor activities toward the Jurchens were carried out within the Manpo garrison, with the main focus of these activities being the Cheomsa, a government official with civil and military skills whose position was akin to that of Dangsanggwan (Senior Rank 3). The Manpo Garrison served as a center from which Joseon’s policy toward the Jurchens was actualized during early Joseon. More to the point, the activities involving the Jurchens conducted within the Manpo Garrison were directly related to the success of Joseon’s northern policy This study analyzes the Manpo Garrison and Manpo Cheomsa during early Joseon. First, an examination of the historical process through which Manpo was upgraded from guja to jin (garrison) is conducted. Second, an in-depth analysis of the appointment and dispatch of Cheomsa tothe Manpo Garrison is also carried out. Lastly, the functions of the Manpo Garrison as the northern hub for the establishment of friendly relations with the Jurchens is also delved into.
To this end, this study seeks to reveal the characteristics of the management, as well as the actual situation on the ground, in Joseon’s northern area during early Joseon.

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