孤靑 徐起의 역사적 實在와 記憶의 이중주 (The Historical Reality and Duet of Memory of Shu Ki (Gochung))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국역사민속학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사민속학 / 45호 / 328 ~ 358페이지
· 저자명 : 임선빈

초록

孤靑 徐起(1523-1591)는 한미한 출신임에도 불구하고 조선시대 신분사회의 질곡 속에서 거의 개인적 역량으로 한 시대에 기록될 만한 학문적 성과를 이루었다. 이지함과 이중호에게 배운 그의 학문은, 서경덕․김굉필의 학통을 이은 것으로, 수신을 중시하고 도학의 정신을 실천하는 학풍이었다. 그는 만년기에 공주 공암에 정착하여 살다가 이곳에서 세상을 떠나기까지 19년간 많은 제자를 양성함으로써, 16세기 후반 공주지역의 성리학적 분위기 형성에 지대한 영향을 미쳤다. 고청 서기가 타계한 후에는 그가 강학하면서 세웠던 孔巖書院이 사액을 받아 忠賢書院이 되었다.
조선 후기의 사족들과 후손들은 16세기의 미천한 인물인 고청 서기를 끊임없이 追崇하고 있으며, 심지어 조선 말기에는 文廟從祀의 대상으로까지 거론하고 있다. 문묘종사가 이루어지지는 않았으나, 이후 서기에게는 비록 조선왕조가 망하기 직전이기는 하지만 정2품의 관직이 추증되었고, ‘文穆’이라는 시호가 내려졌으며, 일제 강점기 초에는 묘소 앞에 신도비까지 세워졌다. 반면에 이에 짝하여 민중들 사이에서는 다양한 서고청 설화가 양산되었다. 고청 서기의 역사적 실재와 달리 다양한 서고청 설화가 민중들의 입에 오르내리게 된 이유는 당시 사족 위주의 철저한 신분제 사회 속에서 한미한 출신인 그가 거의 개인적 역량으로 한 시대를 주름잡을 수 있는 학문적 성과를 이루었기 때문에, 후대인에 의해 그의 신비한 성향이 증폭된 결과일 것이다.
고청 서기의 만년 講學處로 충현서원이 있는 공주 공암에는 고청 서기의 묘소가 있으며, 묘소에서 동쪽 정면으로 내려다보이는 맞은편 작은 바위산에 깊지 않은 굴이 있다. 이것이 孔岩으로, 이 굴로 인해 마을 이름도 공암리이다. 서고청의 탄생은 이 공암굴과 관련 있다는 전설이 구전되어 왔으며, 따라서 이 굴은 ‘고청굴’이라고 불리기도 한다. 공암은 서기가 만년에 정착한 마을로 중년 이전의 고청 서기와는 무관한 곳이지만, 민중들은 한미한 신분의 한계를 딛고 당대의 신분제 사회라는 질곡을 극복하며 그의 이름답게[起] 우뚝 선 인물에게 그에 걸 맞는 출생담과 탄생지를 만들어주고 싶었을 것이다.
이와 같이 고청 서기의 만년 강학처인 연정, 사후에 묻힌 묘소, 위판이 봉안된 충현서원이 있는 공암 마을에 역사적 실재와는 달리 그의 탄생과 관련된 ‘고청굴’이 등장함으로써, 이제 민중들 사이에서는 ‘영웅’ 고청 서기에 대한 連環構造의 ‘스토리텔링’이 가능하게 되었다.

영어초록

Shu Ki(Gochung) was born in a humble family but made remarkable academic work with an outstanding personal competence overcoming the medieval age’s ordeal. He learned from Lee, Jiham and Lee, Jungho and succeeded the scholarship of Seo, Kyungduk and Kim, Gyangphil who put an great importance on moral training and moral philosophy. He settled down at Gongam in Gongju and spent his latter years there. He had a great influence in forming Neo-Confucianism atmosphere in the late sixteenth by fostering numerous students for 19 years until he passed away. Gongam Seowon founded by him became Chunghyeon Seowon by given a plaque from a king after his death.
Noble families and their descendants in late Chosun era continually tried to give him a title. Suh Ki(Gochung) was even nominated as an Confucian scholar to be shrined but it did not come true though. Suh Ki was granted a high government position as a Jeongipum (Second grade official rank) before the downfall of Chosun Dynasty. He was titled Moonmok and a Memorial Stone for him was built in front of his tomb at the early Japanese colonial era. At the same time, various folk tales about Suh Gochung were made and passed on orally among people. The tales were telling things different from the historial reality but they were still popular enough to be passed around. The reason for this was that he made a remarkable academic work overcoming the hierarchy society which was noble families oriented even he was from a humble family. Also his mystic characteristics were stood out as a result.
Shu Ki(Gochung)’s tomb is located at Gongam in Gongju. Chunghyeon Seowon used be a his lifetime lecture hall is located in this area. Across from his tomb looking straight on east side, there is a shallow cave on the tiny rocky mountain. It is Gongam and the village was also named Gongam(ri) by this cave. The folk tale related to Shu Gochung’s birth was passed on orally so this cave is called Gochung cave. This place has no corelation with Shu Ki(Gochung)’s early life because he settled down in this village in his latter years. However, people wanted to make a birth tale and a birth place suitable for a great figure who overcame the limitations from the hierarchy society.
Shu Ki(Gochung) was born in a humble family but made remarkable academic work with an outstanding personal competence overcoming the medieval age’s ordeal. He learned from Lee, Jiham and Lee, Jungho and succeeded the scholarship of Seo, Kyungduk and Kim, Gyangphil who put an great importance on moral training and moral philosophy. He settled down at Gongam in Gongju and spent his latter years there. He had a great influence in forming Neo-Confucianism atmosphere in the late sixteenth by fostering numerous students for 19 years until he passed away. Gongam Seowon founded by him became Chunghyeon Seowon by given a plaque from a king after his death.
Noble families and their descendants in late Chosun era continually tried to give him a title. Suh Ki(Gochung) was even nominated as an Confucian scholar to be shrined but it did not come true though. Suh Ki was granted a high government position as a Jeongipum (Second grade official rank) before the downfall of Chosun Dynasty. He was titled Moonmok and a Memorial Stone for him was built in front of his tomb at the early Japanese colonial era. At the same time, various folk tales about Suh Gochung were made and passed on orally among people. The tales were telling things different from the historial reality but they were still popular enough to be passed around. The reason for this was that he made a remarkable academic work overcoming the hierarchy society which was noble families oriented even he was from a humble family. Also his mystic characteristics were stood out as a result.
Shu Ki(Gochung)’s tomb is located at Gongam in Gongju. Chunghyeon Seowon used be a his lifetime lecture hall is located in this area. Across from his tomb looking straight on east side, there is a shallow cave on the tiny rocky mountain. It is Gongam and the village was also named Gongam(ri) by this cave. The folk tale related to Shu Gochung’s birth was passed on orally so this cave is called Gochung cave. This place has no corelation with Shu Ki(Gochung)’s early life because he settled down in this village in his latter years. However, people wanted to make a birth tale and a birth place suitable for a great figure who overcame the limitations from the hierarchy society.
Gongam village has his life time lecture hall, Yeonjung, his tomb and Chunghyeon Seowon which his memorial tablet is enshrined. However Gongam has a tale different from the historical reality that Gochung cave is related to his birth in the folk tale. It makes it possible for people to pass on a hero tale, Shu Ki(Gochung)’s story telling.
Gongam village has his life time lecture hall, Yeonjung, his tomb and Chunghyeon Seowon which his memorial tablet is enshrined. However Gongam has a tale different from the historical reality that Gochung cave is related to his birth in the folk tale. It makes it possible for people to pass on a hero tale, Shu Ki(Gochung)’s story telling.

참고자료

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