기하학적 질서에 따라 증명된 思學의 四端之情과 不思不學의 七者之情 (‘The Four Feelings as Thinking and Learning’ and ‘The Seven Feelings as Not Thinking and Learning’, Demonstrated in Geometric Order)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원
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· 저자명 : 성동권

초록

On the basis of Toegye’s presentation address in the Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning, this paper discovered that the method of sage learning is ‘thinking(思)’ and ‘learning(學).’ Thinking is the clear and distinct understand on the necessity of nature itself, i.e Li(理). Learning is the execution of the necessity of nature itself conceived by thinking. Since Toegye had summarized the method for the sage learning this paper analyzed whether the four feelings and the seven feelings, representing Toegye’s sage learning, matched this method. To this end, this paper established 10 definitions and 1 axiom based on Toegye’s writings, and deduced 10 theorems deduced from them as the necessity of geometric order.
As a result, it is proved that the four feelings defined as ‘Lival-i-Kisuji(理發而氣隨之)’ is coherent with the method of sage learning. ‘Lival(理發)’ is the clear thinking and learning of Li. However, fundamentally different from the four feelings, the seven feelings defined as ‘Kival-i-Lisengji(氣發而理乘之)’ proved to be contrary to the method of sage learning. ‘Kival(氣發)’ is not the clear thinking and learning of Li. Therefore it is certain that the four feelings in Toegye’s sage learning is thinking and learning but the seven feelings is not thinking and learning.
Based on these geometric conclusions, this paper understands the theory for the four feelings and the seven feelings epitomized by Toegye’s sage learning as the feelings epistemology. That is why the four feelings and the seven feelings epitomized by Toegye’s sage learning cannot be explained by feelings(四端) that are morally good and feelings(七情) that are not morally determined. Furthermore, there is no distinction between ideal(四端) and realistic(七情) feelings.
According to the conclusion of this article, all feelings exist in the necessity of Li-Ki(理-氣) causality. In this necessity of Li-Ki(理-氣) causality, all feelings(情氣) exist with their own Li(情理) as the necessity of their own nature, and exist only according to the necessity of that nature. This way of understanding on feelings based on thinking and learning was encapsulated into ‘Lival-i-Kisuji(理發而氣隨之)’ by Toegye. In so far as we think and learn all feelings with this method all feelings are perfect and good in itself. Therefore it is the four feelings that thinks and learns all feelings by the method for the sage learning, but it is the seven feelings that does not think and learn all feelings in that manner.
As thinking and learning about feelings, the core of the four feelings is, above all, clearly and distinctly recognizing the necessity of feelings in the Li-Ki (理-氣) causality. All feelings(情氣) inherently have the necessity of one's own nature(情理), which exists only according to this nature. Based on the Li(理)-Ki(氣) necessity of feelings, this article defines Toegye’s four feelings(四端) as the science of feelings, i.e 情理學. Therefore, the truth of feelings, from eternity to eternity, is originally the four feelings explained by ‘Lival-i-Kisuji(理發而氣隨之).’

영어초록

On the basis of Toegye’s presentation address in the Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning, this paper discovered that the method of sage learning is ‘thinking(思)’ and ‘learning(學).’ Thinking is the clear and distinct understand on the necessity of nature itself, i.e Li(理). Learning is the execution of the necessity of nature itself conceived by thinking. Since Toegye had summarized the method for the sage learning this paper analyzed whether the four feelings and the seven feelings, representing Toegye’s sage learning, matched this method. To this end, this paper established 10 definitions and 1 axiom based on Toegye’s writings, and deduced 10 theorems deduced from them as the necessity of geometric order.
As a result, it is proved that the four feelings defined as ‘Lival-i-Kisuji(理發而氣隨之)’ is coherent with the method of sage learning. ‘Lival(理發)’ is the clear thinking and learning of Li. However, fundamentally different from the four feelings, the seven feelings defined as ‘Kival-i-Lisengji(氣發而理乘之)’ proved to be contrary to the method of sage learning. ‘Kival(氣發)’ is not the clear thinking and learning of Li. Therefore it is certain that the four feelings in Toegye’s sage learning is thinking and learning but the seven feelings is not thinking and learning.
Based on these geometric conclusions, this paper understands the theory for the four feelings and the seven feelings epitomized by Toegye’s sage learning as the feelings epistemology. That is why the four feelings and the seven feelings epitomized by Toegye’s sage learning cannot be explained by feelings(四端) that are morally good and feelings(七情) that are not morally determined. Furthermore, there is no distinction between ideal(四端) and realistic(七情) feelings.
According to the conclusion of this article, all feelings exist in the necessity of Li-Ki(理-氣) causality. In this necessity of Li-Ki(理-氣) causality, all feelings(情氣) exist with their own Li(情理) as the necessity of their own nature, and exist only according to the necessity of that nature. This way of understanding on feelings based on thinking and learning was encapsulated into ‘Lival-i-Kisuji(理發而氣隨之)’ by Toegye. In so far as we think and learn all feelings with this method all feelings are perfect and good in itself. Therefore it is the four feelings that thinks and learns all feelings by the method for the sage learning, but it is the seven feelings that does not think and learn all feelings in that manner.
As thinking and learning about feelings, the core of the four feelings is, above all, clearly and distinctly recognizing the necessity of feelings in the Li-Ki (理-氣) causality. All feelings(情氣) inherently have the necessity of one's own nature(情理), which exists only according to this nature. Based on the Li(理)-Ki(氣) necessity of feelings, this article defines Toegye’s four feelings(四端) as the science of feelings, i.e 情理學. Therefore, the truth of feelings, from eternity to eternity, is originally the four feelings explained by ‘Lival-i-Kisuji(理發而氣隨之).’

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