韓中日飜譯詞‘衛生’的成立及容受 (Translation in Meiji Period of Japan and its Acceptance of Korea with a Focus on the Term Hygiene)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국아시아학회
· 수록지 정보 : 아시아연구 / 24권 / 4호 / 305 ~ 320페이지
· 저자명 : TIAN YU

초록

作爲東亞漢字文化圈的代表國家, 韓中日三國一衣帶水, 自古往來頻繁, 交流密切, 其中一個重要因素便是得益于漢字的紐帶作用。因爲具有漢字這一共同的文化資源, 使三國的文人可以以筆談的形式進行思想上的交流, 由于長期不斷的交流和影響, 使三國存在着大量的同形同義詞, “衛生”便是其中之一。
本文試圖從語言接觸的觀點以“衛生”一詞爲考察對象, 以韓中日三國的古典文獻, 近代發行的新聞報刊及對譯字典等資料爲實證依據, 運用史料對比分析的硏究方法, 揭示“衛生”一詞在語義及語用上的變化, 意在爲韓中日語源字典的編纂及近代新聞語料庫的構建提供一些參考。“衛生”一詞在中國古典文獻中其傳統語義表示“保身”或“保衛生命”之意, 18世紀西學東漸時期, 日本用該詞對譯西洋語“hygiene”的過程中, 此其被賦予新意, 之後語義更新了的“衛生”又被韓國和中國接受, 一直使用至今。
“衛生”一詞在韓國最早出現于1884年5月5日『漢城旬報』上題爲‘萬國衛生會’的一篇報道中, 此後“衛生”一詞在行政、經濟、敎育等各領域開始被廣泛使用, 幷且由其派生的“衛生局”, “衛生兵”, “衛生警察”等詞語如雨後春笋般大量出現。
“衛生”一詞雖然在新聞報刊中很早登場, 不過此時作爲新槪念的“衛生”幷沒有在一般大衆中廣爲流傳。近代以前“衛生”主要以動詞的形式被使用, 與西洋語“hygiene”對譯的詞除“衛生”以外, 還有“養生”、“攝生”、“健全”等詞語, 經過一詞多譯, 多詞混用及各詞語間的相互角逐, “衛生”一詞最終勝出幷收錄于1928年的最新鮮英辭典中, 從此作爲“hygiene”的譯詞被廣泛流傳, 確定了其在漢字圈國家的地位。

영어초록

Based on the theory of contact linguistics, this paper aims to examine the original meaning of ‘Weisheng’ and the process of translating ‘hygiene’ from western language into Japanese, and also how the Japanese words were translated into Korean. The Chinese character ‘Weisheng’ appeared in Chinese classic literature in the 1600s, and at that time, it meant ‘to save or protect one's life ’, and it was always used as a verbal form. At this time, it was used with the same meaning in Korea and Japan. During the Eastward Transmission of Western Sciences, many new concepts came from the West to the East, and to study and accep the new concept, they were translated into Chinese characters in Japan, so the word ‘hygiene’ was a new concept during this time.
At the beginning, ‘hygiene’ had been translated by ‘Shesheng’, ‘Sheyang’, ‘Yangsheng’, ‘Jiankang’, ‘Baoshen’ and so on. After using the word ‘Weisheng’ mixed with these words, finally ‘Weisheng’ was used as the translated word for western ‘hygiene’ by Nagayo Sensai in Japan. From 1887, the word ‘Weisheng’ appearred in the Official Government Newspaper, magazines and textbooks, and this represented that this word was officially established and used in Japan.
The word ‘Weisheng’ was first introduced to Korea in the middle of the 1880s, but the modern concept was not accepted or used widely, and even a lot of people did not know what the real meaning was. Back in the 1910s, ‘Weisheng’ was emphasized and often appeared in various kinds of newspapers and magazines. Many terms were derived from 'Weisheng' during this time, for example “health department”, “medic”, “sanitary police” and so on. The word was firstly addedd to the 『The New Korean English Dictionary』 in 1928, which means this word was settled during this time in Korea.

참고자료

· 없음