한국(韓國)의 「지방자치단체(地方自治團體) 분쟁조정위원회(紛爭調整委員會)」 (「The Local Government Dispute Mediation Committee」system in Korea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국지방자치법학회
· 수록지 정보 : 지방자치법연구 / 14권 / 3호 / 41 ~ 85페이지
· 저자명 : 홍정선, 최윤영

초록

[1] 韓國의 地方自治法은 ① 廣域地方自治團體로 特別市, 廣域市, 特別自治市, 道, 特別自治道, ② 基礎地方自治團體로 市, 郡, 區를 두고 있다. 地方自治團體는 국가나 광역지방자치단체로부터 獨立的이므로, 지방자치단체 相互 間이나 지방자치단체의 長 相互 間에 紛爭이 發生할 수 있다.
[2] 紛爭의 解決方法으로 法院(裁判所)에 의한 司法節次(裁判節次)가 있으나, 이러한 節次는 많은 時間과 費用이 要求되는 問題點을 갖는바, 地方自治法은 紛爭을 보다 迅速하게, 그리고 費用을 들이지 않고 解決하기 위하여 紛爭調整制度를 導入하고 있다.
[3] 地方自治團體 相互 間이나 地方自治團體의 長 相互 間 事務를 處理할 때 紛爭이 發生하는 경우, 行政機關이 紛爭을 調整하는 制度는 1988년에 처음으로 導入되었다. 이 當時에는 安全行政部長官이나 市·道知事가 紛爭解決의 主體였고, 紛爭調整委員會의 制度는 導入되지 않았다.
[4] 安全行政部長官이나 市·道知事의 調整에 앞서서 紛爭調整委員會가 紛爭調整에 關與하도록 한 것은 1994년 改正 地方自治法에서 처음으로 導入되었다. 그러나 이 改正 法律에서 規定된 紛爭調整委員會의 機能은 紛爭事項을 審議하는 것일 뿐, 紛爭事項에 대하여 어떠한 解決策을 議決하는 것은 아니었다.
[5] 1999년 改正 地方自治法은 安全行政部長官이나 市·道知事의 調整에 앞서서 紛爭調整委員會의 議決을 거치게 하였다. 現行 地方自治法도 이와 같다. 安全行政部長官이나 市·道知事는 紛爭調整委員會의 議決을 반드시 따라야 한다. 이러한 羈屬力 있는 議決이 原則的 形態의 議決이고, 이밖에 同一 紛爭의 再發을 防止하기 위해 當事者 關聯 國家機關 等에 制度의 改善을 勸告하는 議決도 있다.
[6] 紛爭調整委員會는 委員長을 包含한 11명 以內의 委員으로 構成한다. 委員長과 委員 中 5名은 民間人으로 한다(民間人委員). 나머지 委員은 公務員 中에서 大統領令으로 정한다(當然織委員).
[7] 紛爭調整委員會는 政府(安全行政部)에 두는 "中央紛爭調整委員會", 市·道에 두는 "地方紛爭調整委員會의 2種類가 있다. 中央紛爭調整委員會는 ① 地方自治法 第148條 第1項에 따른 紛爭의 調整, ② 제156조 제1항에 따른 行政協議會 協議事項의 調整에 必要한 事項의 審議․議決, 그리고 ③ 埋立地와 漏落地가 屬할 地方自治團體를 審議․議決을 行한다. ③은 2009년 改正 地方自治法에 新設되었다. 以前에는 憲法裁判所의 權限爭議審判을 通해 解決되었다.
[8] 議決機關으로서 「地方自治團體 紛爭調整委員會」가 設置․運營된 지 16年이 되어가고 있다. 모든 制度의 成敗가 그러하듯이 「地方自治團體 紛爭調整委員會」의 成功的인 運營에 가장 決定的인 것은 專門的 識見을 가진 委員들의 積極的인 參與意識일 것이다. 그 동안의 筆者의 實務經驗에 비추어 볼 때, 한국의「地方自治團體 紛爭調整委員會」는 繼續하여 發展하리라 思料된다.

영어초록

[1] LOCAL AUTONOMY ACT in Korea classify local governments into regional local government which is A Special Metropolitan City, a Metropolitan City, a Do and a Special Autonomous Do and basic local government which is A Si, Gun, Gu. As Local governments are independent from the State and the regional local government, controversies can arise between local governments or heads of local governments.
[2] Although there are judicial resolutions by the court for inter-local governments' disputes, these resolutions requires a lot of time and money. So LOCAL AUTONOMY ACT imposed the dispute mediation to resolve the dispute more fast and costless.
[3] When a controversy arose due to different views on carrying out affairs between local governments and between head of governments, for the first time in 1988, a new system was introduced that gave the administrative institution power to mediate the disputes. At the time, the Minister of Security and Public Administration or the Mayor, Do Governor mediated the dispute and the local government dispute mediation committee was not adopted.
[4] The system, that the local government dispute mediation committee get involved in the dispute before the Minister of Security and Public Administration or the Mayor, Do Governor‘s mediation, was first introduced LOCAL AUTONOMY ACT amended in 1994. But in this Act, the role of the local government dispute mediation committee was just deliberating the disputes not resolving the disputes.
[5] The system that the local government dispute mediation committee resolves the dispute before the Minister of Security and Public Administration or the Mayor, Do Governor‘s mediation was introduced in LOCAL AUTONOMY ACT amended in 1999, as is the current law. The Minister of Security and Public Administration or the Mayor, Do Governor should follow the matters decided by the mediation. In addition to effective mediation as a typical resolution, there is a resolution that recommends to improve the system to avoid recurrence of the same conflict.
[6] The dispute mediation committee is respectively constituted by the members not exceeding 11 persons including the chairperson. The chairperson and five of the members of the dispute mediation committee shall be civilians who are appointed or commissioned by the President upon the recommendation of the Minister of Security and Public Administration. And the public officials belonging to the central administrative agencies determined by Presidential Decree shall become the ex officio members.
[7] In order to deliberate and resolve matters necessary for the mediation ① of any dispute as provided for in LOCAL AUTONOMY ACT Article 148 (1) ② of any matters to be consulted under LOCAL AUTONOMY ACT Article 156 (1), ③ and of making decisions which local government shall take control of landfill sites, land, the registration of which is omitted from the cadastral record, a local government central dispute mediation committee shall be established under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Security and Public Administration, and a local government local dispute mediation committee under that of the City, Do. ③ was established in 2009 amended LOCAL AUTONOMY ACT. Before the amendment, the Constitutional Court resolved this kind of disputes by adjudication on jurisdiction disputes.
[8] The local government dispute mediation committee has been established and operated for the last 16 years. The most important factor for the success of the local government dispute mediation committee is active participation of the members with professional insight. In view of my practical experience in the meantime, I think the local government dispute mediation committee in Korea will continue to develop.

참고자료

· 없음