朝鮮後期 忠淸道 安興鎭의 設置와 變遷 (Establishment of and Changes in Anheungjin in Late Chosun)

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초록

Anheungjin(安興鎭) located in Taean-gun in Chungcheong-do in late Chosun was responsible for the defense of ocean as Anheungryangsu(安興梁戍) under Sogeunpojin had been there since early Chosun. In Imjinoeran, Jejin(諸鎭) of which Manho (萬戶) led was established to identify the status of Japanese military and block their advance to the north. In 1609 (the first year of Gwanghaegun’s sovereignty) Anheungjin was upgraded as Geojin to improve the efficiency of sea defense, as Anheungjin was very near to Ocean. Thus, Anheungjin became a Geojin(巨鎭) of navy in Chungcheong-do with Maryangjin and Sogeunpojin.
With the proposal of Lee Huwon, the Minister of Culture and Education, in 1653 (the fourth year of King Hyojong’s sovereignty), Shinjin(新鎭) came to be established with the main purpose of helping defense of Ganghwa-do. To increase aboriginal soldiers, it was prohibited for officers to take fish and seafood of aboriginal soldiers, and Dunjeon(屯田) was established and lands were provided to the soldiers so that they could do farming on that land. Additionally, 10,000 seoks of rice was transported to Anheungjin in 1654 to lay up the provisions.
In 1655, it was started to extend Anheungseong(安興城) by mobilizing 2,200 Haemijinyoung(海美鎭營) Sokogun and monk soldiers under the supervision of Anheungcheomsa and Sogeuncheomsa, which was completed in October in 1656년.
After the construction of Anheungseong, Anheungcheomsa who supervised the construction moved to Shinjin, and Jonggun(中 軍), in other words, Byuljang(別將) went to Gujin(舊鎭) located in Anheungseong and they took the responsibility of defense of the castle, Gunhyang(軍餉) and Jojeok(糶糴). However, in 1669 (the tenth year of King Hyunjong’s sovereignty) the critics of Kim Jwamyeong, the Minister of Culture and Education, that residents had inconvenience as Anheungcheomsa(安興僉使) moved to Shinjin in an island although Gujin was very convenient and good was accepted and Anheungcheomsa came back to Gujin again.
After Anheungcheomsa came back to Anheungseong in which Gujin was located, Anheungjin were changed several times including the establishment of Bangeoyoung(防禦營) and Haengyoung(行營). In 1675 (the first year of Sukjing’s sovereignty) there were opinions that Anheungseon defense had not been well made because the man-in-charge was not fixed but changed frequently although the importance of sea defense was very big. Thus Anheungbangeoyoung was introduced by selection Taean Gusu among military officers and making him dedicated to defense of Anheungsong by letting him have additional post of Bangeosa. In 1680, with the recommendation of Min Yu-jung, the minister of Hojo, that it would be better for a Anheungcheomsa to stay in Anheungseong all the time and to be dedicated to matters of Anheung, rather than Taean Gunsu who was also the Bangeosa traveled to Anheung to deal with administrative things, Bangeosa was discharged and Anheungseong became in charge of matters arising in Anheung.
In 1706, in order to enforce the ocean defense and lead military and residents in Taeangun where Anhengseong was located, Taean Gunsu was upgraded to Busa(府使) and let him have dual post of Bangeosa. Taeanbangeoyoung(泰安防禦營) scheme was executed to make Taean-gun as Juyoung(主營) and Anheung as Sokyoung(屬營). However, there was an opinion that there were negative effects of Taeanbangeosa and no actual positive effects, in 1711 Taeanbangeoyoung was discharged and Anheungjin was upgraded to Bangeoyoung. However, in 1713 Anheung Bangeoyoung was terminated because of the opinion that Suyoung would be weakened if half of battle ships of Chungcheong Suyoung were transferred to Anheung Bangeoyoung. In 1779(the third year of King Jeongjo’s sovereignty) with the claim of Prime Minister Kim Sangcheol that fortress defense would be better and control of three Dos (三道) would be easier because it could get supervised by Ganghwa(江華), if Anheung became a Haengyoung of Susa following the model of Sogang(所江) in Haeseo(海西) and Susa stayed there for six months without heavy winds, as battle ships could not move in Chungcheon Suyoung when tide retreated was accepted and accordingly Haengyoung was established. However, there was opinion that there were negative effects in traveling Susa so they sent Uhu(虞候) to defend the castle. But without Jin of Cheomsa, junior officers and citizens had to travel to Suyoung so in 1790 Anheungjin was restored. In 1866(in the third year of King Gojong’s sovereignty) Taeangun was upgraded to Bangeoyoung and Anheungjin was removed, because they thought they could not defend Anheung properly as Jinyoung because Anheung was very important place in Samsam waterway. However, because of the criticism that Taean Bangeosa gave pains to citizens living near the road when he traveled to Anheung, and that the control on the criminals became loose while he stayed in Anheung for 6 months, in 1885(the 22nd year of King Gojong’s sovereignty) Anheungjin was established again. However, Anheungjin was removed with the last Anheungcheomsa An Sungi in 1894(the 31st year of King Gojong’s sovereignty), when all provincial Guns went out of force in 1895.

영어초록

Anheungjin(安興鎭) located in Taean-gun in Chungcheong-do in late Chosun was responsible for the defense of ocean as Anheungryangsu(安興梁戍) under Sogeunpojin had been there since early Chosun. In Imjinoeran, Jejin(諸鎭) of which Manho (萬戶) led was established to identify the status of Japanese military and block their advance to the north. In 1609 (the first year of Gwanghaegun’s sovereignty) Anheungjin was upgraded as Geojin to improve the efficiency of sea defense, as Anheungjin was very near to Ocean. Thus, Anheungjin became a Geojin(巨鎭) of navy in Chungcheong-do with Maryangjin and Sogeunpojin.
With the proposal of Lee Huwon, the Minister of Culture and Education, in 1653 (the fourth year of King Hyojong’s sovereignty), Shinjin(新鎭) came to be established with the main purpose of helping defense of Ganghwa-do. To increase aboriginal soldiers, it was prohibited for officers to take fish and seafood of aboriginal soldiers, and Dunjeon(屯田) was established and lands were provided to the soldiers so that they could do farming on that land. Additionally, 10,000 seoks of rice was transported to Anheungjin in 1654 to lay up the provisions.
In 1655, it was started to extend Anheungseong(安興城) by mobilizing 2,200 Haemijinyoung(海美鎭營) Sokogun and monk soldiers under the supervision of Anheungcheomsa and Sogeuncheomsa, which was completed in October in 1656년.
After the construction of Anheungseong, Anheungcheomsa who supervised the construction moved to Shinjin, and Jonggun(中 軍), in other words, Byuljang(別將) went to Gujin(舊鎭) located in Anheungseong and they took the responsibility of defense of the castle, Gunhyang(軍餉) and Jojeok(糶糴). However, in 1669 (the tenth year of King Hyunjong’s sovereignty) the critics of Kim Jwamyeong, the Minister of Culture and Education, that residents had inconvenience as Anheungcheomsa(安興僉使) moved to Shinjin in an island although Gujin was very convenient and good was accepted and Anheungcheomsa came back to Gujin again.
After Anheungcheomsa came back to Anheungseong in which Gujin was located, Anheungjin were changed several times including the establishment of Bangeoyoung(防禦營) and Haengyoung(行營). In 1675 (the first year of Sukjing’s sovereignty) there were opinions that Anheungseon defense had not been well made because the man-in-charge was not fixed but changed frequently although the importance of sea defense was very big. Thus Anheungbangeoyoung was introduced by selection Taean Gusu among military officers and making him dedicated to defense of Anheungsong by letting him have additional post of Bangeosa. In 1680, with the recommendation of Min Yu-jung, the minister of Hojo, that it would be better for a Anheungcheomsa to stay in Anheungseong all the time and to be dedicated to matters of Anheung, rather than Taean Gunsu who was also the Bangeosa traveled to Anheung to deal with administrative things, Bangeosa was discharged and Anheungseong became in charge of matters arising in Anheung.
In 1706, in order to enforce the ocean defense and lead military and residents in Taeangun where Anhengseong was located, Taean Gunsu was upgraded to Busa(府使) and let him have dual post of Bangeosa. Taeanbangeoyoung(泰安防禦營) scheme was executed to make Taean-gun as Juyoung(主營) and Anheung as Sokyoung(屬營). However, there was an opinion that there were negative effects of Taeanbangeosa and no actual positive effects, in 1711 Taeanbangeoyoung was discharged and Anheungjin was upgraded to Bangeoyoung. However, in 1713 Anheung Bangeoyoung was terminated because of the opinion that Suyoung would be weakened if half of battle ships of Chungcheong Suyoung were transferred to Anheung Bangeoyoung. In 1779(the third year of King Jeongjo’s sovereignty) with the claim of Prime Minister Kim Sangcheol that fortress defense would be better and control of three Dos (三道) would be easier because it could get supervised by Ganghwa(江華), if Anheung became a Haengyoung of Susa following the model of Sogang(所江) in Haeseo(海西) and Susa stayed there for six months without heavy winds, as battle ships could not move in Chungcheon Suyoung when tide retreated was accepted and accordingly Haengyoung was established. However, there was opinion that there were negative effects in traveling Susa so they sent Uhu(虞候) to defend the castle. But without Jin of Cheomsa, junior officers and citizens had to travel to Suyoung so in 1790 Anheungjin was restored. In 1866(in the third year of King Gojong’s sovereignty) Taeangun was upgraded to Bangeoyoung and Anheungjin was removed, because they thought they could not defend Anheung properly as Jinyoung because Anheung was very important place in Samsam waterway. However, because of the criticism that Taean Bangeosa gave pains to citizens living near the road when he traveled to Anheung, and that the control on the criminals became loose while he stayed in Anheung for 6 months, in 1885(the 22nd year of King Gojong’s sovereignty) Anheungjin was established again. However, Anheungjin was removed with the last Anheungcheomsa An Sungi in 1894(the 31st year of King Gojong’s sovereignty), when all provincial Guns went out of force in 1895.

참고자료

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