『매천야록』에 나타난 황현의 역사인식 (Hwang Hyun's Historical View Suggested in Maecheonyarok)

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초록

Hwang Hyun wrote Maecheonyarok recording the contradictions and demise of Chosun Dynasty. Though there are several opinions on his historical view expressed in this book, these opinions have not paid a comprehensive attention to the changes and characteristics of his view. Referring to the achievements of existing studies, this paper traces the variation of his historical view on the contradictions of the dynastic system and the aggression of Japanese imperialism in the changing historical conditions.
Hwang Hyun consistently and correctly criticized the tyranny and corruption of the royal family and kin group. Especially he made a harsh criticism on Emperor Gojong and Empress Min for their incompetency and corruption, though he expressed relatively favorable opinions on Heungseon Daewongun. Thus we can understand that he regarded the establishment of dynastic order as the most important. He also made severe criticism on the corruption of officials and the social and economic confusion. He viewed that the incompetency and misgovernment by Emperor Gojong and the ruling group intensified the contradictions of the dynastic system and became the direct and fundamental source of the loss of sovereignty.
But he expressed a negative view on the people's movement that denied the legitimacy of Chosun Dynasty. Though he recognized the contradictions of the Dynasty as the origin of the popular uprising, he defined the uprising as a rebellious action that denied the ruling order. And he showed the limits of failing to suggest a modern view of the state that puts people at the center. Thus we can see that he regarded the protection of the dynastic order as more urgent than the deterrence of the strong powers’ aggression.
Hwang Hyun concentrated his efforts on revealing Japanese aggressiveness that seized the sovereignty of Chosun Dynasty. He followed the Chinese world view on the nature of Japan up to 1894 but he recognized Japan’s aggressive ambition thereafter. Especially he realized Japan’s aggressive nature after the Russo-Japanese War and made harsh criticism of Japanese seizure of the sovereignty of Chosun Dynasty. This is revealed by his favorable writings on the struggle against Japan conducted by the people of all status, class, and nationality.
It seems that Hwang Hyun blamed the incompetency and misgovernment of officials and the people’s senselessness without recognizing the nature of the Japanese economic aggression by 1894. However, after the Sino-Japanese War he began to understand the essence and evil effects of Japanese economic invasion and raised his criticism of the invasion while paying more attention to people’s resistance. He also made precise records and criticism on the seizure of cultural assets and the cultural policy by imperial Japan.
Hwang Hyun understood the contradictions of the dynastic system and the aggression of Japanese imperialism as the main cause for the demise of the state. This year marks the 100th anniversary of Japanese Compulsory Occupation of Korea. We can get many suggestions from his understanding on the loss of sovereignty that the comprehensive incompetency and misgovernment of the ruling group including Emperor Gojong provided the cause, in addition to the forced aggression by Japan and the betrayal of a small group of pro-Japanese officials.

영어초록

Hwang Hyun wrote Maecheonyarok recording the contradictions and demise of Chosun Dynasty. Though there are several opinions on his historical view expressed in this book, these opinions have not paid a comprehensive attention to the changes and characteristics of his view. Referring to the achievements of existing studies, this paper traces the variation of his historical view on the contradictions of the dynastic system and the aggression of Japanese imperialism in the changing historical conditions.
Hwang Hyun consistently and correctly criticized the tyranny and corruption of the royal family and kin group. Especially he made a harsh criticism on Emperor Gojong and Empress Min for their incompetency and corruption, though he expressed relatively favorable opinions on Heungseon Daewongun. Thus we can understand that he regarded the establishment of dynastic order as the most important. He also made severe criticism on the corruption of officials and the social and economic confusion. He viewed that the incompetency and misgovernment by Emperor Gojong and the ruling group intensified the contradictions of the dynastic system and became the direct and fundamental source of the loss of sovereignty.
But he expressed a negative view on the people's movement that denied the legitimacy of Chosun Dynasty. Though he recognized the contradictions of the Dynasty as the origin of the popular uprising, he defined the uprising as a rebellious action that denied the ruling order. And he showed the limits of failing to suggest a modern view of the state that puts people at the center. Thus we can see that he regarded the protection of the dynastic order as more urgent than the deterrence of the strong powers’ aggression.
Hwang Hyun concentrated his efforts on revealing Japanese aggressiveness that seized the sovereignty of Chosun Dynasty. He followed the Chinese world view on the nature of Japan up to 1894 but he recognized Japan’s aggressive ambition thereafter. Especially he realized Japan’s aggressive nature after the Russo-Japanese War and made harsh criticism of Japanese seizure of the sovereignty of Chosun Dynasty. This is revealed by his favorable writings on the struggle against Japan conducted by the people of all status, class, and nationality.
It seems that Hwang Hyun blamed the incompetency and misgovernment of officials and the people’s senselessness without recognizing the nature of the Japanese economic aggression by 1894. However, after the Sino-Japanese War he began to understand the essence and evil effects of Japanese economic invasion and raised his criticism of the invasion while paying more attention to people’s resistance. He also made precise records and criticism on the seizure of cultural assets and the cultural policy by imperial Japan.
Hwang Hyun understood the contradictions of the dynastic system and the aggression of Japanese imperialism as the main cause for the demise of the state. This year marks the 100th anniversary of Japanese Compulsory Occupation of Korea. We can get many suggestions from his understanding on the loss of sovereignty that the comprehensive incompetency and misgovernment of the ruling group including Emperor Gojong provided the cause, in addition to the forced aggression by Japan and the betrayal of a small group of pro-Japanese officials.

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