교육재정 배분의 공평성･적절성 개념과 측정방법의 적용 가능성 탐색 (The Applicability of Equity and Adequacy of Educational Funding)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국교육재정경제학회
· 수록지 정보 : 교육재정경제연구 / 22권 / 4호 / 1 ~ 33페이지
· 저자명 : 최준렬

초록

연구는 교육재정 배분의 기준이 되는 공평성과 적절성의 개념과 측정방법을 살펴보고 이들의 적용 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 공평성의 개념을 수평적 공평성, 수직성 공평성, 재정의 중립성 차원에서 분석하였고, 적절성을 교육의 목표달성도 차원에서 살펴보았다.
공평성을 측정하는 방법으로 범위와 연방범위비율, 분산계수, 기니계수, 맥룬지수, 가중학생수, 가중가격지수, 상관계수, 탄력성을 분석하였으며, 적정교육비를 산출하는 모형으로 전문가판단모형, 성공교육청모형, 비용함수모형, 증거기반모형을, 적절성을 측정하는 방법으로 오든피쿠스 적절성지수를 분석하였다.
교육재정배분의 공평성은 다각적으로 측정되고 있으나 적절성을 측정한 많지 않다. 교육재정을 합리적으로 배분하고 책무성을 높이기 위해서는 적절성을 측정하고 활용하려는 노력이 필요하다.

영어초록

This study aimed at reviewing and applying the concepts and methods of the equity and adequacy of educational funding. There are several kinds of concepts of equity and measuring methods. The equity means broader than the equal opportunity, including fairness. The types of equity are the horizontal equity, the vertical equity, and the fiscal neutrality, focused on the input of resources. The adequacy focuses more on the process and the output than the input. It is the criteria which the central government or local office of education sets to achieve the goal such as student academic performance.
The methods to measure the equity or the adequacy are range, ratio, decile distribution ratio, coefficient of variation, Gini coefficient, McLoone coefficient, pupil need weight, price difference, correlation coefficient, elasticity, and OPAI. Most of them are methods to measure the horizontal equity. Many measuring methods for the horizontal equity have been developed because of the object data and easy management. On the contrary, the methods for the vertical equity has not developed well. The methods developed for the vertical equity focuses only on the cost differentials considering the local educational condition or the traits of students. As educational expenditures for the adequacy is very hard to estimate and to relate it with student outcomes, few methods are developed. To estimate the adequate expenditure they use the input or professional judgement approach, the successful district approach, the cost function approach, and the evidence based approach. The method measuring the adequacy is only the .Odden-Picus Adequacy Index.
The rational distribution of educational resources is very important because the educational outcomes depend on the distribution methods and level. The distribution methods should shift from the equity oriented tp the adequacy oriented. To enhance student’s performance the adequacy based distribution should be eagerly used.

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