지유샤(自由社)刊 2009년도 중학교 역사교과서 분석-‘근대’ 대외관계를 중심으로- (“Modern” Foreign Relations in the 2009 Middle School Japanese History Textbook Published by Jiyusha)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사교육학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사교육논집 / 43호 / 339 ~ 376페이지
· 저자명 : 김민규

초록

The government of Meiji Japan’s top priority in diplomatic relations after the Meiji Restoration that overthrew the Edo bakufu in 1868 was to demarcate borders for Japan’s territory and terminate the unequal treaties signed with Western powers.
Compared with the middle school Japanese history textbook currently used most widely in Japan, the new middle school Japanese history textbook published in 2009 by Jiyusha places too much emphasis on these two top priorities in the chapter on Japan’s foreign affairs. The authors deploy clever tactics to justify Meiji Japan’s territorial expansion and the invasions of neighboring countries as efforts to terminate the unequal treaties.
The authors of the textbook insist that it was “legitimate under international law (wanguo gongfa) for a state to incorporate land to which no sovereignty reached.” They treat East Asia’s tradition of interstate order and of an interstate system, in which theories of international relations established in the West such as “international law” and the “nation’s sovereign power” were not acknowledged, as a product of ignorance. Accordingly, they describe the Japanese action to “expand” its territory as a matter of course as shown by the annexation of the Ryukyu Kingdom (Ryūkyū shōbun) in 1879.
The series of actions to coerce Japan’s neighbors, Korea in particular, into signing unequal treaties, which in the case of Korea finally ended with annexation while Japan was trying almost everything to solve the problem of unequal treaties, are also cleverly toned down. In columns in the textbook, the Korean Peninsula is depicted as a “lethal weapon” ready to stab Japan and Qing China and Russiaare repeatedly described as “threatening powers” in the context of Japan’s national security.
The authors of the Jiyusha history textbook consistently focus their attention on the gap between Japan and overseas powers in terms of military capability, insisting that the Western powers, including Russia, and Qing China were real threats to Japan. Finally, they stress the necessity and the justification of the Greater East Asia War (1937-1945) as well as the Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905).
The authors of the Jiyusha history textbook seem to regard it very important to justify and even glorify Japan’s imperialist wars against its neighbors because their position is that Japan needed to raise its military capability and use it for victory in the wars with Western powers to terminate the unequal treaties.

영어초록

The government of Meiji Japan’s top priority in diplomatic relations after the Meiji Restoration that overthrew the Edo bakufu in 1868 was to demarcate borders for Japan’s territory and terminate the unequal treaties signed with Western powers.
Compared with the middle school Japanese history textbook currently used most widely in Japan, the new middle school Japanese history textbook published in 2009 by Jiyusha places too much emphasis on these two top priorities in the chapter on Japan’s foreign affairs. The authors deploy clever tactics to justify Meiji Japan’s territorial expansion and the invasions of neighboring countries as efforts to terminate the unequal treaties.
The authors of the textbook insist that it was “legitimate under international law (wanguo gongfa) for a state to incorporate land to which no sovereignty reached.” They treat East Asia’s tradition of interstate order and of an interstate system, in which theories of international relations established in the West such as “international law” and the “nation’s sovereign power” were not acknowledged, as a product of ignorance. Accordingly, they describe the Japanese action to “expand” its territory as a matter of course as shown by the annexation of the Ryukyu Kingdom (Ryūkyū shōbun) in 1879.
The series of actions to coerce Japan’s neighbors, Korea in particular, into signing unequal treaties, which in the case of Korea finally ended with annexation while Japan was trying almost everything to solve the problem of unequal treaties, are also cleverly toned down. In columns in the textbook, the Korean Peninsula is depicted as a “lethal weapon” ready to stab Japan and Qing China and Russiaare repeatedly described as “threatening powers” in the context of Japan’s national security.
The authors of the Jiyusha history textbook consistently focus their attention on the gap between Japan and overseas powers in terms of military capability, insisting that the Western powers, including Russia, and Qing China were real threats to Japan. Finally, they stress the necessity and the justification of the Greater East Asia War (1937-1945) as well as the Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905).
The authors of the Jiyusha history textbook seem to regard it very important to justify and even glorify Japan’s imperialist wars against its neighbors because their position is that Japan needed to raise its military capability and use it for victory in the wars with Western powers to terminate the unequal treaties.

참고자료

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