高麗 光宗代 灌燭寺의 創建과 地方支配 (Foundation of Gwanchok Temple(灌燭寺)' and control over local regions in the King KwangJong(光宗) period of Koryo Dynasty(高麗))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 수선사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 사림 / 50호 / 157 ~ 193페이지
· 저자명 : 이광섭

초록

This thesis consider that the 'Gwanchock Temple(灌燭寺)' in Nonsan(論山) was founded in attempt to extend control over local regions. 'Gwanchock Temple' was built in the nineteenth year of King KwangJong(光宗) by the his order. It was the period of King Kwangjong when people who had been in the aristocratic class under Hubaekje(後百濟 Later Baekje) not only started to go into the Central politics through 'Gwageo(科擧 the exmanication to recruit ranking officials)' and 'Siwigun(侍衛軍 Military forces drafted from local regions) and increase their power, but also enlarged their controls over local regions with 'Yanggeon Operation(量田事業 Operation for Land survey and investigation for taxation). During the same period, the influence of 'Beopsang Order(法相宗)' was being increased in the religious world.
The King KwangJong appointed the noble men from 'Hubaekje' as officials to be supported, noticing local regions which had been under control of 'Hubaekje', especially 'Nonsan'. The area of 'Nonsan' was one of the strategic points for the Capital defense of 'Bakeje' where the 'Hwangsanbeol Battle(黃山伐戰鬪)' had broke out. And 'GaeTae Temple(開泰寺)' was build by order of the first King of 'Koryo Dynasty(高麗)', 'Taejo(太祖)' to prevent rebellions against his dynasty in the area.
The influence of 'Beopsang Order' was weakening at the time of foundation of 'Gwanchock Temple'. The reformation planned by the King KwangJong was based on the doctrine of 'Beopsang Order'. That is the reason why he wanted to support 'Beopsang Order' and why the temple was built in Nonsan. In the meantime, Maitreya was worshiped in the area, which was the major factor that made the King choose the site for the temple. Also, 'Seokjobosal Ipsang(石造菩薩立像 Standing Statue of Buddha made of rock) located in 'Gwanchock Temple' was considered as Statue of Maitreya because of the factor.
As mentioned above, It seems resonable that the foundation of 'Gwanchock Temple' was intended for local control by the King KwangJong. He had already extending his control by fixing the taxation and conducting 'Yanggeon Operation', although there had not been local officials from central government yet. Building temples in local areas was thought as one of his strategy for spreading his control.
He carried out 'Seunggwajedo(僧科制度 the recruiting system for appointing the head priest of a Buddhist Temple) to dispatch his men as a head of temples with which he wanted them under control. Therefore, temples were built in the regions considered important. Central government made 'Chosungdogam(造成都監)' in charge of building temples which means central officials had a direct control in the regions. He seemed to have the control of Nonsan by appointing his men as the head priest of 'Gwanchock Temple'.

영어초록

This thesis consider that the 'Gwanchock Temple(灌燭寺)' in Nonsan(論山) was founded in attempt to extend control over local regions. 'Gwanchock Temple' was built in the nineteenth year of King KwangJong(光宗) by the his order. It was the period of King Kwangjong when people who had been in the aristocratic class under Hubaekje(後百濟 Later Baekje) not only started to go into the Central politics through 'Gwageo(科擧 the exmanication to recruit ranking officials)' and 'Siwigun(侍衛軍 Military forces drafted from local regions) and increase their power, but also enlarged their controls over local regions with 'Yanggeon Operation(量田事業 Operation for Land survey and investigation for taxation). During the same period, the influence of 'Beopsang Order(法相宗)' was being increased in the religious world.
The King KwangJong appointed the noble men from 'Hubaekje' as officials to be supported, noticing local regions which had been under control of 'Hubaekje', especially 'Nonsan'. The area of 'Nonsan' was one of the strategic points for the Capital defense of 'Bakeje' where the 'Hwangsanbeol Battle(黃山伐戰鬪)' had broke out. And 'GaeTae Temple(開泰寺)' was build by order of the first King of 'Koryo Dynasty(高麗)', 'Taejo(太祖)' to prevent rebellions against his dynasty in the area.
The influence of 'Beopsang Order' was weakening at the time of foundation of 'Gwanchock Temple'. The reformation planned by the King KwangJong was based on the doctrine of 'Beopsang Order'. That is the reason why he wanted to support 'Beopsang Order' and why the temple was built in Nonsan. In the meantime, Maitreya was worshiped in the area, which was the major factor that made the King choose the site for the temple. Also, 'Seokjobosal Ipsang(石造菩薩立像 Standing Statue of Buddha made of rock) located in 'Gwanchock Temple' was considered as Statue of Maitreya because of the factor.
As mentioned above, It seems resonable that the foundation of 'Gwanchock Temple' was intended for local control by the King KwangJong. He had already extending his control by fixing the taxation and conducting 'Yanggeon Operation', although there had not been local officials from central government yet. Building temples in local areas was thought as one of his strategy for spreading his control.
He carried out 'Seunggwajedo(僧科制度 the recruiting system for appointing the head priest of a Buddhist Temple) to dispatch his men as a head of temples with which he wanted them under control. Therefore, temples were built in the regions considered important. Central government made 'Chosungdogam(造成都監)' in charge of building temples which means central officials had a direct control in the regions. He seemed to have the control of Nonsan by appointing his men as the head priest of 'Gwanchock Temple'.

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