오르도스 ‘새머리 장식 사슴뿔’ 모티프의 동점으로 본 평양 석암리 219호<은제타출마노감장괴수문행엽>의 제작지 (The Manufacturing Place of the 'Silver Strap Pendant with Agate Beads and a Grotesque Figure' [excavated from Seokam-ri tomb No. 219 in Pyeongyang, Korea] seen through the eastward transmission of Ord)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국립중앙박물관
· 수록지 정보 : 미술자료 / 78호 / 127 ~ 153페이지
· 저자명 : 이송란

초록

Animal-style artworks with subjects of horse, deer, pig, eagle, bear, goat, etc. are commonly discovered in the Northern Eurasia steppes, ranging from the lower Danube river to inner Mongolia of China. Among these animals, deer were widely featured in works from the steppes region. Accordingly, studies have been onducted in order to examine the origin and development of animal-style art using the deer motif because this animal was living in the most extensive areas and was represented in art motifs in a greater variety of ways than other animals. Among deer-themed motifs the 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine' iconography has been most intensively investigated. From the results of these studies, the transmission process of 'Scytho-Siberia' style into Altai and Ordos has been thoroughly explored. It is known that 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine' motif appeared from the 5th century BC and disappeared in the 3rd century BC.
The purpose of this research is to try to examine how the iconography of a grotesque figure with 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine' developed and where this object was made, based on the preceding research work. This figure is represented on 'Silver Strap Pendant with Agate Beads and a Grotesque Figure,' which was excavated in Seokam-ri tomb No. 219 in Pyeongyang, Korea, at some great distance from the Northern Eurasian steppes. Seokam-ri tomb No. 219 is located in the south of Nakrang fortress around the Daedong river in Pyeongyang city. The tomb is also called 'Wanggeun tomb' because a seal carved with four traditional Chinese characters of ‘Wanggeunsain’ was excavated there. This is the famed 'wooden chamber’ tomb where a female body and a male body are buried together. It is said that this tomb was made around the Christian era. In addition to the 'Silver Strap Pendant; described above, lacquered wares, Bronze incense burners, weapons, and ornaments were plentifully excavated from the tomb.
The grotesque figure with the antlers on its head and the protruded bird-headed tine in the chest are represented on the 'Silver Strap Pendant,' which has six round agate beads inset. It is presumed that the iconography of the protruding bird-headed tine in the chest of the grotesque figure originated from 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine' motif, which was popular in the Northern Eurasia. However 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine’ motif, which is believed to have disappeared since the 3rd century BC, appeared on this 'Silver Strap Pendant' with its transformation sometime around the beginning of the Christian era. For this reason this research investigates periodical gaps and the transformation process in order to examine how the 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine’ motif appeared around the Daedong river of Korea in this later time.
This article shows that the motif of the 'bird-headed antler tine' represented on the grotesque figure on the 'Silver Strap Pendant' is connected to the one that was produced in Ordos under the control of the Huns. Ordos was a gateway through which the northern nomadic culture entered China.
The 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine' motif excavated from Ordos was mixed with the styles of Scytho-Siberia, Sarmatia, and Altai region. It is confirmed that the northern art style which entered into East Asia around the beginning of the Christian era was transformed from the various lineages. In addition, as seen, the grotesque figure on the 'Silver Strap Pendant,' northern animal pattern underwent a change such as the antler motif’s being applied to animals other than deer.
Hun-style crafts such as the 'Silver Strap Pendant' seemed to be created in the workshops of the Han dynasty. This conclusion is derived from the fact that people buried in tombs of Seokam-ri No. 219, Jeongbaek-dong No. 2, Jeongbaek-dong No. 37, and Jeongbaek-dong No. 92 discovered in the Daedong river region, were familiar with the local culture of those days and had a friendly relationship with 'Hangunhyeon'.
The fact that the Northern style ornaments were used as prestige goods for the highest class in Korea at that time, even though they were not produced around the Daedong river, shows that the local society held the taste of northern culture in great esteem. It is understood that the peoples around the Daedong river traditionally had a deep appreciation of the northern culture style in Korea.

영어초록

Animal-style artworks with subjects of horse, deer, pig, eagle, bear, goat, etc. are commonly discovered in the Northern Eurasia steppes, ranging from the lower Danube river to inner Mongolia of China. Among these animals, deer were widely featured in works from the steppes region. Accordingly, studies have been onducted in order to examine the origin and development of animal-style art using the deer motif because this animal was living in the most extensive areas and was represented in art motifs in a greater variety of ways than other animals. Among deer-themed motifs the 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine' iconography has been most intensively investigated. From the results of these studies, the transmission process of 'Scytho-Siberia' style into Altai and Ordos has been thoroughly explored. It is known that 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine' motif appeared from the 5th century BC and disappeared in the 3rd century BC.
The purpose of this research is to try to examine how the iconography of a grotesque figure with 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine' developed and where this object was made, based on the preceding research work. This figure is represented on 'Silver Strap Pendant with Agate Beads and a Grotesque Figure,' which was excavated in Seokam-ri tomb No. 219 in Pyeongyang, Korea, at some great distance from the Northern Eurasian steppes. Seokam-ri tomb No. 219 is located in the south of Nakrang fortress around the Daedong river in Pyeongyang city. The tomb is also called 'Wanggeun tomb' because a seal carved with four traditional Chinese characters of ‘Wanggeunsain’ was excavated there. This is the famed 'wooden chamber’ tomb where a female body and a male body are buried together. It is said that this tomb was made around the Christian era. In addition to the 'Silver Strap Pendant; described above, lacquered wares, Bronze incense burners, weapons, and ornaments were plentifully excavated from the tomb.
The grotesque figure with the antlers on its head and the protruded bird-headed tine in the chest are represented on the 'Silver Strap Pendant,' which has six round agate beads inset. It is presumed that the iconography of the protruding bird-headed tine in the chest of the grotesque figure originated from 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine' motif, which was popular in the Northern Eurasia. However 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine’ motif, which is believed to have disappeared since the 3rd century BC, appeared on this 'Silver Strap Pendant' with its transformation sometime around the beginning of the Christian era. For this reason this research investigates periodical gaps and the transformation process in order to examine how the 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine’ motif appeared around the Daedong river of Korea in this later time.
This article shows that the motif of the 'bird-headed antler tine' represented on the grotesque figure on the 'Silver Strap Pendant' is connected to the one that was produced in Ordos under the control of the Huns. Ordos was a gateway through which the northern nomadic culture entered China.
The 'Bird-Headed Antler Tine' motif excavated from Ordos was mixed with the styles of Scytho-Siberia, Sarmatia, and Altai region. It is confirmed that the northern art style which entered into East Asia around the beginning of the Christian era was transformed from the various lineages. In addition, as seen, the grotesque figure on the 'Silver Strap Pendant,' northern animal pattern underwent a change such as the antler motif’s being applied to animals other than deer.
Hun-style crafts such as the 'Silver Strap Pendant' seemed to be created in the workshops of the Han dynasty. This conclusion is derived from the fact that people buried in tombs of Seokam-ri No. 219, Jeongbaek-dong No. 2, Jeongbaek-dong No. 37, and Jeongbaek-dong No. 92 discovered in the Daedong river region, were familiar with the local culture of those days and had a friendly relationship with 'Hangunhyeon'.
The fact that the Northern style ornaments were used as prestige goods for the highest class in Korea at that time, even though they were not produced around the Daedong river, shows that the local society held the taste of northern culture in great esteem. It is understood that the peoples around the Daedong river traditionally had a deep appreciation of the northern culture style in Korea.

참고자료

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