왕징웨이(汪精衛) 난징국민정부시기 화교 송금시스템의 변화— 중국 화남(華南)지역 사례연구 — (Change of overseas Chinese remittance system in Wang Jingwei’s Nationalist Governmental era ― Minnan district of Fujian province and Shantou district of Guangdong province ―)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국근현대사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국근현대사연구 / 78호 / 59 ~ 83페이지
· 저자명 : 김종호, 이정희

초록

For thirteen years from 1937 to 1949, local societies in China and overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia experienced harsh circumstances due to the continuous military conflicts of the Sino-Japanese War, Pacific War and Chinese Civil War. As fighting among the empires and political powers of Britain, Japan, the Chinese Nationalist Government, and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) reached a peak, Chinese local societies and overseas Chinese communities with their economic networks straddling between Southeast Asia and South China had to negotiate and adapt in order to survive these crises, regardless of whether they were government–affiliated or local independent subjects. This paper aims to investigate their survival capability amidst changing monetary systems of the empires and political regimes through focusing on overseas Chinese remittance business during Wang Jing-wei’s puppet-governmental era.
The foreign exchange circulation of the overseas Chinese remittance network between Southern China (Fujian and Guangdong provinces) and Southeast Asia is the central topic of analysis in this paper. Due to the massive emigration of Chinese labourers from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, remittances of their wages from Southeast Asia back to their hometowns in China, so-called Qiaopi, had led to a large amount of money in circulation and the dynamic functioning of a financial network in that geographical corridor. Because Chinese labourers in Southeast Asia gained their income through foreign exchange, it had to be converted to Chinese local currency for the use of their families in China. As the Chinese emigration massively increased, a large amount of foreign exchange was converted to Chinese currency and was circulated between Southeast Asia and South China.
However, due to the invasion and subsequent occupation of Japanese empire on South China, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, the private Qiaopi network could not be operated any more. In addition, the Qiaopi network with its massive circulation of foreign exchange soon naturally attracted close attention of Japanese empire. The Japanese empire tried to regulate the existing Qiaopi network through the Wang Jing-wei’s puppet government in order to weaken resistance of Chinese. Under this circumstances, local societies in China and overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia showed contradictory attitudes towards the Japanese regulations.
In particular, this paper deals with two essential overseas Chinese hometowns, Jinjiang and Shantow, to investigate reactions of them. How did local societies and overseas Chinese communities adapt to those harsh wartime circumstances? How did the Japanese established Wang Jingwei’s puppet government try to control the Qiaopi network? How did the Qiaopi network shifted its structure in face of wartime crisis? This paper aims to answer those questions.

영어초록

For thirteen years from 1937 to 1949, local societies in China and overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia experienced harsh circumstances due to the continuous military conflicts of the Sino-Japanese War, Pacific War and Chinese Civil War. As fighting among the empires and political powers of Britain, Japan, the Chinese Nationalist Government, and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) reached a peak, Chinese local societies and overseas Chinese communities with their economic networks straddling between Southeast Asia and South China had to negotiate and adapt in order to survive these crises, regardless of whether they were government–affiliated or local independent subjects. This paper aims to investigate their survival capability amidst changing monetary systems of the empires and political regimes through focusing on overseas Chinese remittance business during Wang Jing-wei’s puppet-governmental era.
The foreign exchange circulation of the overseas Chinese remittance network between Southern China (Fujian and Guangdong provinces) and Southeast Asia is the central topic of analysis in this paper. Due to the massive emigration of Chinese labourers from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, remittances of their wages from Southeast Asia back to their hometowns in China, so-called Qiaopi, had led to a large amount of money in circulation and the dynamic functioning of a financial network in that geographical corridor. Because Chinese labourers in Southeast Asia gained their income through foreign exchange, it had to be converted to Chinese local currency for the use of their families in China. As the Chinese emigration massively increased, a large amount of foreign exchange was converted to Chinese currency and was circulated between Southeast Asia and South China.
However, due to the invasion and subsequent occupation of Japanese empire on South China, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, the private Qiaopi network could not be operated any more. In addition, the Qiaopi network with its massive circulation of foreign exchange soon naturally attracted close attention of Japanese empire. The Japanese empire tried to regulate the existing Qiaopi network through the Wang Jing-wei’s puppet government in order to weaken resistance of Chinese. Under this circumstances, local societies in China and overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia showed contradictory attitudes towards the Japanese regulations.
In particular, this paper deals with two essential overseas Chinese hometowns, Jinjiang and Shantow, to investigate reactions of them. How did local societies and overseas Chinese communities adapt to those harsh wartime circumstances? How did the Japanese established Wang Jingwei’s puppet government try to control the Qiaopi network? How did the Qiaopi network shifted its structure in face of wartime crisis? This paper aims to answer those questions.

참고자료

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