太祖王建의 天安府 設置와 그 運營 (A Study on the Establishment and Utilization of Cheonanbu by Wang Geon, the Founder of Goryeo Dynasty)

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· 발행기관 : 한국중세사학회
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· 저자명 : 김명진

초록

The Chungcheong area is one of the three parts of the Korean peninsula where Goryeo and Post-Baekje were hostile towards each other. It is also where Wang Geon(王建) won a complete victory after long periods of chaos. This paper presents a study of correlations between Cheonan, which served as a military hub for Goryeo, and Wang Geon. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows： First of all, in August 930 Wang Geon set up Cheonanbu(天安府) as a military stronghold. As such, the focus of our research was on the very reason why Wang Geon chose Cheonan as a military base. Soon after he was enthroned, successive rebellions broke out in Gongju, Woonju(present Hongseong), and Cheongju which were located largely in the Chungcheong area. In particular, Cheongju was regarded as a big troublemaker by Goryeo, who turned their eyes to Cheonan accordingly which had not been involved in any rebellions. Wang Geon used Cheonan as a stepping stone toward taking control of the Chungcheong area and ultimately won the battle of Illicheon(一利川戰鬪) in September 936.
Secondly, amid all the chaos caused by a coup d’etat in Post-Baekje, Wang Geon took this opportunity to have Yu Keom-Pil(庾黔弼) bring Naju, which had been seized by Post-Baekje for six years, back under control. However, during the six year period following the seizure by Post-Baekje of the Naju region, the power base of Crown Prince Mu(武)’s mother, who was politically trenched in this area, was dismantled. In the process, Wang Geon sent Mu to Cheonanbu as the general commander to prepare against the battle of Ilicheon with the purpose of consolidating the successor’s position which Wang Geon believed a little bit vulnerable. In other words, Wang Geon was quite proactive in utilizing Cheonanbu by allowing Mu to distinguish himself in what the battle ended up unifying the three post Three Kingdoms, thereby paving the way for further consolidation of his successor’s position. Also noteworthy is the time (lunar September) the battle was initiated, which seems to be not accidental but intentional. The main reason behind their choice of September was to prepare enough grain supplies for military purposes during the harvest period, and to allow for ease of mobilizing soldiers following the farming season.
Finally, this paper also presents on Cheonanbuwon-buin(天安府院夫人), the wife of Wang Geon, who had Lim(林) as her family name as well as on Lim Un(林彦), the former’s father. Lim-Un, as a literary man, helped Goryeo not only pursue diplomacy toward the Post-Tang dynasty(後唐) but also have Kangju(present Jinju) come under its jurisdiction. After doing so, he was responsible for Cheonanbu as a successor to Je-Goong(弟弓), and apparently he did a good job in preparing against the battle of Illicheon. This led his daughter to become a Wang Geon’s concubine or mistress and be called Cheonanbuwon-buin. September 936 is thought to be most suitable for Cheonanbuwon-buin’s having slept with Wang Geon, and she helped build a closer relationship between Lim Un and Wang Geon. Given that the order in which Wang Geon’s concubines appear in historical records means their ranking, the fact that Cheonanbuwon-buin was listed 11th among 29 Wang Geon’s concubines (fifth among Wang Geon’s wives) shows that she and her father, Lim Un forged a remarkably closer relationship with Wang Geon.

영어초록

The Chungcheong area is one of the three parts of the Korean peninsula where Goryeo and Post-Baekje were hostile towards each other. It is also where Wang Geon(王建) won a complete victory after long periods of chaos. This paper presents a study of correlations between Cheonan, which served as a military hub for Goryeo, and Wang Geon. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows： First of all, in August 930 Wang Geon set up Cheonanbu(天安府) as a military stronghold. As such, the focus of our research was on the very reason why Wang Geon chose Cheonan as a military base. Soon after he was enthroned, successive rebellions broke out in Gongju, Woonju(present Hongseong), and Cheongju which were located largely in the Chungcheong area. In particular, Cheongju was regarded as a big troublemaker by Goryeo, who turned their eyes to Cheonan accordingly which had not been involved in any rebellions. Wang Geon used Cheonan as a stepping stone toward taking control of the Chungcheong area and ultimately won the battle of Illicheon(一利川戰鬪) in September 936.
Secondly, amid all the chaos caused by a coup d’etat in Post-Baekje, Wang Geon took this opportunity to have Yu Keom-Pil(庾黔弼) bring Naju, which had been seized by Post-Baekje for six years, back under control. However, during the six year period following the seizure by Post-Baekje of the Naju region, the power base of Crown Prince Mu(武)’s mother, who was politically trenched in this area, was dismantled. In the process, Wang Geon sent Mu to Cheonanbu as the general commander to prepare against the battle of Ilicheon with the purpose of consolidating the successor’s position which Wang Geon believed a little bit vulnerable. In other words, Wang Geon was quite proactive in utilizing Cheonanbu by allowing Mu to distinguish himself in what the battle ended up unifying the three post Three Kingdoms, thereby paving the way for further consolidation of his successor’s position. Also noteworthy is the time (lunar September) the battle was initiated, which seems to be not accidental but intentional. The main reason behind their choice of September was to prepare enough grain supplies for military purposes during the harvest period, and to allow for ease of mobilizing soldiers following the farming season.
Finally, this paper also presents on Cheonanbuwon-buin(天安府院夫人), the wife of Wang Geon, who had Lim(林) as her family name as well as on Lim Un(林彦), the former’s father. Lim-Un, as a literary man, helped Goryeo not only pursue diplomacy toward the Post-Tang dynasty(後唐) but also have Kangju(present Jinju) come under its jurisdiction. After doing so, he was responsible for Cheonanbu as a successor to Je-Goong(弟弓), and apparently he did a good job in preparing against the battle of Illicheon. This led his daughter to become a Wang Geon’s concubine or mistress and be called Cheonanbuwon-buin. September 936 is thought to be most suitable for Cheonanbuwon-buin’s having slept with Wang Geon, and she helped build a closer relationship between Lim Un and Wang Geon. Given that the order in which Wang Geon’s concubines appear in historical records means their ranking, the fact that Cheonanbuwon-buin was listed 11th among 29 Wang Geon’s concubines (fifth among Wang Geon’s wives) shows that she and her father, Lim Un forged a remarkably closer relationship with Wang Geon.

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