17세기 미국 버지니아의 연한부 계약 서번트 (The indentured servants in seventeenth century Virginia, North America)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사교육학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사교육논집 / 46호 / 337 ~ 375페이지
· 저자명 : 김성룡

초록

Indentured servants are bound for a specified number of years for their labour, in return for their passage, their board and clothing.
Usually they signed an indenture before boarding a ship to start their new life. The majority of English indentured servants in the seventeenth century immigrate to North America. Of the 200,000 people who crossed the Atlantic from England to North America in that period, most of them went to Virginia.
The system of indenture was more formal than most existing labour arrangements obtained in England during the early modern era.
Indentured servants signed their indentures before embarkation, because they could not afford the ￡5-6 usually needed for the cost of passage to North America. Most indentured servants were between their late teens to early twenties. Male indentured servants greatly outnumbered females. However, American colonists demanded for female servants for household labour or light farm labour. It was usual for female indentured servants to be purchased on arrival by men for the purpose of marriage.
But the demand for female servants declined over time as the sex composition achieved a balance.
Indentured servants, because of the contractual nature of their employment, legally regarded them as the chattel property of the their owners. They could sell, assign or hire out servants, with the unexpired term of the servant being the owner’s property. Indentured servants were forbidden to leave their homes without a pass. Penalties for indentured servants runaways were stiff. Even the accidental loss of work had to be compensated. They were similar to slavery.
By the late seventeenth century, the supply of indentured servants began to subside. Due to the rise in real wage and the social concerns for servants which included the amendment of law of settlement and removal, there was an increased attractiveness to destinations within England. Indentured servitude was in decline for these reasons. Slave did not drive servant from Virginia.

영어초록

Indentured servants are bound for a specified number of years for their labour, in return for their passage, their board and clothing.
Usually they signed an indenture before boarding a ship to start their new life. The majority of English indentured servants in the seventeenth century immigrate to North America. Of the 200,000 people who crossed the Atlantic from England to North America in that period, most of them went to Virginia.
The system of indenture was more formal than most existing labour arrangements obtained in England during the early modern era.
Indentured servants signed their indentures before embarkation, because they could not afford the ￡5-6 usually needed for the cost of passage to North America. Most indentured servants were between their late teens to early twenties. Male indentured servants greatly outnumbered females. However, American colonists demanded for female servants for household labour or light farm labour. It was usual for female indentured servants to be purchased on arrival by men for the purpose of marriage.
But the demand for female servants declined over time as the sex composition achieved a balance.
Indentured servants, because of the contractual nature of their employment, legally regarded them as the chattel property of the their owners. They could sell, assign or hire out servants, with the unexpired term of the servant being the owner’s property. Indentured servants were forbidden to leave their homes without a pass. Penalties for indentured servants runaways were stiff. Even the accidental loss of work had to be compensated. They were similar to slavery.
By the late seventeenth century, the supply of indentured servants began to subside. Due to the rise in real wage and the social concerns for servants which included the amendment of law of settlement and removal, there was an increased attractiveness to destinations within England. Indentured servitude was in decline for these reasons. Slave did not drive servant from Virginia.

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