조선시대 『謄錄』을 통해 본 왕비의 親迎과 권위 (Chinyoung of Queen Consort and her Authority Viewed through Deungrok of the Joseon Dynasty period)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사학사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓國史學史學報 / 25호 / 105 ~ 143페이지
· 저자명 : 임민혁

초록

이 글은 조선 건국 이래 당시 지배층들이 예치사회를 구현하고자 노력하는 가운데, 국왕 嘉禮에서 家禮대로의 실천의 핵심인 친영과 그 이후의 의례를 시행하게 된 과정과 배경 및 구체적인 절차를 『謄錄』을 중심으로 家禮와 비교하면서 살펴본 것이다. 이를 통해 외형적으로 국왕과 동등한 지위를 획득한 왕비의 권위를 宗統에 의해 정당화함으로써 왕권과 왕실의 안정을 도모하고자 고심했던 측면들을 밝혀보고자 했다.
조선정부에서는 선초부터 유교 이념에 배치되는 혼속(男歸女家婚)을 고치고자 꾸준한 노력을 전개하여, 중종 12년에 드디어 친영의주를 마련함과 동시에 태평관에서 친영례를 거행하였다. 친영례의 수용은 古禮의 회복으로 반유교적인 혼인형태를 바로잡고 예의 사회질서를 확립하고자 하는 목적에서 단행되었다. 그리고 가례의 원리를 실천함으로써, 敎化의 책임을 다하는 국왕의 권위를 높이고 왕권과 왕실을 안정되게 유지하는데 기여하는 바가 컸다.
館所에서의 친영은 선조35년에도 태평관을 이용하다가 인조 16년부터 어의동본궁을 별궁으로 사용했다. 국왕의 친영은 지정된 관소를 전용하는 것이 원칙이었다. 親迎儀에서는 가례와 달리 왕비가 참석한 상태에서 전안례를 거행하였는데, 왕비에 대해 국왕은 賓主의 예를 행하고 주인은 군신의 예를 행하였다. 그리고 국왕은 이미 고아여서 醮戒禮를 행하지 않았으며, 왕비에게도 역시 초례는 행하지 않았으나 계례는 행하여 왕실의 며느리로서 효경을 다할 것을 당부했다.
입궐한 국왕과 왕비는 同牢宴을 거행했다. 교배례는 행하지 않고 국왕이 왕비에게 역시 읍례로 대하고, 합근례를 통해 尊卑가 같아지는 상징적인 절차를 행하여 새로운 부부 관계의 형성을 표현했다. 직후 소위 첫날밤은 이불과 베개가 놓인 御幄에 들어가기까지의 의주만이 제정되어, 존엄한 국왕의 성은 금기시하다시피 하였음을 알 수 있다.
그 뒤에 왕비는 朝見禮와 廟見禮를 거행했다. 친영을 正禮로 삼은 것은 가례의 실천을 가리키며, 그 완성은 이 의례를 거행함으로써 이루어졌다. 각각 중종 12년과 숙종 29년에 처음 행해진 이 의례는 조상들로부터 며느리로서의 지위를 공인받는 成婦禮였다. 조종의 예의에 부합하는 혼사를 거행했음을 고하고 효충을 다할 것을 다짐하는 자리이며, 이로써 왕실의 며느리로서의 종통을 계승하였음을 대내외에 포고하는 공식적인 행사였다.

영어초록

This study examined the process, background, and detailed procedures in implementing Chinyoung(king's personal welcoming his queen), which was the core of practice in line with the customary formalities of a family, and its subsequent rite with focus on Deungrok while comparing to the customary proprieties of a family. Through this research process, this study intended to make clear the elements of authority possessed by a queen consort who externally attained a position equal to the king.
The marriage custom during the early Joseon Dynasty period-Namkwiyeo gahon(a bridegroom goes to his bride' house to have a matrimonial ceremony) was done in the manner in which Yang(bridegroom) followed Ŭm(bride), so this manner ran counter to the idea of Confucianism. The Joseon Administration developed its steady effort to correct this matrimonial custom, finally preparing detailed rite procedures and at the same time holding the personal welcoming formalities(Chinyoungrye)at Taepyeongkwan. The acceptance of "Chinyoungrye" is interpreted as the recovery of Gorye(old manners) and it was carried out with the aim of setting anti-Confucian form of marriage right and establishing the propriety-based social order. In addition, it is assumed that the king and royal family's display of practising "Chingyoungrye" might serve to perform their responsibility for edifying the people while greatly contributing to the stability and retention of royal authority and royal family.
"Chinyoung" at a temporary lodging for traveling officials had been held at Taepyongkwan even during the 35th ruling year of king Sukjong, and with "Eouidongbongung" designated as a detached palace during the 16th ruling year of king Injo, this palace was mostly used for "Chingyoung." The king welcomed his queen with the manners of a master of guests, and the guest(queen) fully observed the propriety as a subject. The king didn't use to carry out "Chogyerye" as he was already an orphan, nor did carry out it for his queen; however, the king asked his queen to completely do her filial duties by performing "Gyerye"(a rite of a woman's doing her hair up in a chignon as a symbol of a wife of the king).
The king and queen performed "Dongryaeyeon"(a banquet in which the king and queen exchanged cups after doing the manners of bowing down to each other on the floor); however, instead of doing the manners of bowing down to each other, the king welcomed his queen with the manners of a master of guests by doing the manners of making a deep bow with two hands together, and there came up the symbolism in which the king and queen became equal in the distinction of rank through the manners of exchanging cups with each other. As for their first wedding night right after such matrimonial procedures were done, the dignified and majestic king's having sex was almost a taboo with the establishment of only the detailed rite procedures for entering the king's bed where blanket and pillows were laid.
Afterwards, the queen performed the manners of a morning audience with the queen mother and with Royal Ancestral Shrine. Making "Chinyoung" as an orthodox propriety indicates the practice of "Garye"(an auspicious ceremony), and its completion was done by performing this rite. This rite, which was first during the 12th ruling year of king Jungjong, and the 29th ruling year of king Sukjong respectively, was the manners in the capacity of one's wife, in which the status as a daughter-in-law was certified by ancestors. However, the procedures symbolizing the established generation of the queen wasn't carried out.
It's because the queen was already vested with the authority as a homemaker of the eldest son of a head family simultaneously with the installation of the queen.

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