3․1 독립운동과 행정법학 ―저항을 받은 법이론과 사법권의 독립― (3․1 Independent Movement and Administrative Law ：the Legal Opinion which Responds to Resistance of the Korean People and the Position of the Courts)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국법사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 법사학연구 / 26호 / 77 ~ 107페이지
· 저자명 : 笹川紀勝, 이제수

초록

이 글은 일제에 의한 식민지 지배가 어떻게 법과 관련하여 행하여졌는가를 오늘날의 시각에 입각하여 실증적으로 고찰하고자 하는 것이다. 경찰행정을 중심으로 식민당국자의 편의대로 행해지고 있던 조선에서의 법제는 ‘3・1독립운동’을 전후하여 제한적으로나마 행정과 분리되어 사법권의 독립이라는 외형을 갖추게 되었다. 이러한 변화양상은 3・1운동을 전후하여 저술된 행정법관계 저술을 중심으로 파악할 수 있는데, 특히 미노베 타쯔키찌(美濃部達吉)나 쿠루마다 아쯔시(車田篤)가 전개한 입헌주의의 가치판단에 근거한 입론은 눈여겨 볼만하다. 또한 3・1운동에 관련한 몇 가지 판결에 대한 실증적 분석을 통하여 조선에서의 사법권의 양태 및 법치주의가 식민지에 미친 영향을 살펴 볼 수 있다.

영어초록

1. Judicial Documents of 3․1 Independent Movement (三・一運動裁判記錄), in：Independent Contributors (獨立有功者), i. e., the National Office of Reward for the Independent (國家報勳處), Edited by, Compilation of the Historical Documents Relating to the Independent Movement (獨立運動史資料集), vol. 5, (1973), has the index of the 10,000 people accused because of 3․1 Independent Movement, but many names of up to now unknown accused are newly found from the examination of the courts of the Government General of Korea, which anybody can research by the microfilm kept in the Archives. If so, we can‘t say that there are 10,000 cases and 10,000 accused, because there is only one case usually even if the accused are plural, and also there may be treble cases corresponding to the three instances of the district court (地方法院), the court of appeal (覆審法院) and the high court(高等法院)．Therefore we must distinct the whole number of the accused and the whole one of the cases. And then the reporter has collected the about 1,200 cases (excluding civil war cases) relative to the three instances, but they are only a part of the whole, so that we don t know the whole number.
2. Paik, Un-Sik, Bloody History of Korean Independent Movement (1920) (朴殷植『朝鮮獨立運動の血史』) said that the commander of military policemen in Korea had the right to judge a certain criminal cases and to arbitrate civil cases. And Kiyoshi Nagano and Harujiro Taguchi, “Korean Administrative Law”(1914) the textbook supported by the Government General of Korea, recognized such an authority publicly as a matter of fact, which Korean people became distrustful of gradually. But the authority was abolished immediately after 3․1 Independent Movement. Then what does the abolishment mean to the colonial rule? 3. After 3․1 Independent Movement forcible exercise of colonial power which Nagano and Taguchi’s textbook demonstrated, disappeared outwardly and was replaced by the textbooks which considered positive laws in Korea important：Hikozo Hagiwara, “Korean Administrative”(1935/1921), Bin Sonobe, “Administrative Law”(1933) and Tatsutaka Uchida, “Administrative Law”(1934/1933). These scholars did not refer to the abolishment. But Atsushi Kurumada, “Korean Administrative Law”(1934) referred to it, and urged not only the limited administrative power as well as Tatsukichi Minobe, but also recognized the right of the people to protest against power exceeding the limitation established by law. Accordingly I suppose that Kurumada could understand a historical meaning of change of colonial practice which 3․1 Independent Movement brought about, in strengthening judicial power against administrative authority.

참고자료

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