『論語』와 『국가』에 나타난 반(反)교육적 인간상 비교 (A Comparative Study of the Anti-educational Model in the Analects and the Republic)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 안암교육학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국교육학연구 / 13권 / 2호 / 67 ~ 98페이지
· 저자명 : 심승환, 장지원

초록

이 연구는 『論語』와 『국가』에 나타난 문제적 인간상들을 고찰함으로써 우리가 배우고 가르칠 때 경계로 삼아야 할 반(反)교육적 인간상을 규명함을 목적으로 한다. 『論語』에는 우리가 현실적으로 본받아야 할 ‘君子’와 대비되는 ‘小人’의 특징들이 제시되어 있고 『국가』에는 자질을 살리되 이성으로 조화를 이루는 '정의로운 인간'과 대비되는 '정의롭지 못한 인간'의 모습이 묘사되어 있다. 이 두 인간형의 유사점 및 차이점을 비교, 대조, 종합함으로써 배우고 가르칠 때 경계로 삼아야 할 반교육적 인간상의 모습을 보다 구체적이고 복합적으로 드러내고자 한다. 아울러 이 고찰을 통해 현실 교육에 이러한 반교육적 인간상이 시사하는 바를 제시한다.

영어초록

This study examines the anti-educational model in the Analects and the Republic. Historically, many scholars have studied ideal persons such as Jesus, Confucius, Buddha and Socrates. They are called, "Model teachers" as well as "Saints or Sages," so they exemplify the ideal standard that learners and teachers should model after. However, learners and teachers need more concrete and practical standards than the ideal model. The Analects contrasts Jun Zi as the good example with Xiao Ren as the bad example. The Republic contrasts righteous persons in the righteous nations with unrighteous persons in the unrighteous nations. We can know more easily what we should follow in our learning and teaching when we know the bad example that show what we should avoid. And we can discover a more complete picture of the bad example when we approach it through different points of view. For this reason, this study investigates the anti-educational model through the comparison and synthesis of Xiao Ren and the unrighteous person.
The common points between the two bad examples are 1) they both pursue exterior means such as wealth and fame without the pursuit for the intrinsic goal of self-cultivation, 2) both cannot distinguish the righteous behavior from the wrong because they are mastered by desires, 3) both are created through bad relationships with bad persons, 4) both give bad impacts to learners, 5) both have inner conflicts because of unsatisfiable desires. The differences between the two are 1) the fundamental problem of Xiao Ren is the absence of will to learn while that of the unrighteous person is defunction or mal-function of reason(wisdom) to control desires, 2) an important problem of Xiao Ren is to pursue partial knowledge and skills while that of unrighteous person is to pursue everything without consideration into his unique physis.

참고자료

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