일제강점기 행정구역 확장의 식민성과 지역민의 동향 - 釜山府 府域 1, 2次 擴張을 中心으로 - (Expansions of Municipal area in Busan - pu and Local People’s movement under the rule of Japanese imperialism)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사문화학회
· 수록지 정보 : 지방사와 지방문화 / 19권 / 1호 / 111 ~ 146페이지
· 저자명 : 전성현

초록

개항을 통해 ‘분리’를 기반으로 한 공간의 ‘외부적 식민화’ 과정을 겪은 부산은 강제 병합에 의해 다시 도시(부산부)가 농촌(동래군)을 ‘포섭’하여 내부적으로도 식민화하는 과정을 겪었다. 그 과정은 도시계획을 토대로 한 부역의 확장이었다. 부산부 일본인들의 요구를 받아들여 진행된 도시계획은 애초, 동래군 서면(12개리)으로의 확장을 포함한 계획구역과 구역내 주거․상업․공업지역의 설정, 그리고 교통․항만․위생시설(상하수도) 등 이른바 ‘부산도시계획서’로 이루어졌다. 하지만 관련 법령의 미비로 뒤늦게 조선시가지계획령의 반포와1차 부역확장을 포함한 ‘부산시가지계획결정’으로 완성되었다. 새로운 시가지계획은 이전과달리 제국의 대륙 침략을 위한 병참기지로서의 공업지대로 제한되었다. 부산부의 일본인들은다시 부회와 상공회의소를 중심으로 공업지구를 동래와 해운대로 확장할 것을 주장했다. 그결과, 1942년 10월 1일부로 동래읍을 포함한 동래군 거의 전부를 포함하는 2차 부역확장이이루어졌다.
1, 2차에 걸친 부역확장에 대해 부산부 일본인사회는 동래군으로의 부역확장을 이상적인도시화의 방향으로 생각하며 지속적인 부역확장을 도시계획의 수립과 함께 요구했다. 그 결과 1차 부역확장을 통해 동래군 서면과 송도를, 2차 부역확장을 통해 동래읍과 해운대 등동래군의 대부분 지역을 부산부에 포함시키는데 힘을 보탰다. 1차 부역확장의 편입 대상인서면민은 대다수가 농민인 조선인들로 부산부와의 합병이 끼칠 불이익을 두려워하며 편입을한시적으로 반대했다. 그리고 서면번영회를 설립하고 스스로 독자적인 발전책과 시가계획을수립했지만, 결국 부역에 포함되지 않을 수 없었다. 한편, 2차 부역확장의 편입 대상인 동래읍민은 조선인을 중심으로 부산부의 부역확장에 대해 독자적인 도시화로 대응했다. 이러한노력은 읍내의 시구개정사업 등 도시기반시설의 확충과 동래온천의 읍영화를 통해 완성되는듯했다. 하지만 온천장을 통제하지는 못했고, 역시나 부역확장이라는 거센 파고를 견뎌내지못했다. 그 결과, 희망사항 몇 가지와 함께 역사 있는 ‘동래’라는 명칭만이라도 남기를 바라며 어쩔 수 없이 부산부에 강제 편입되었다.

영어초록

Busan underwent the forced colonization process of space based on division after opening its ports. The forced merger, however, led to the internal colonization process of the city(Busan-pu) encompassing a rural area (Dongnae-gun). The process was an expansion of municipal area based on urban planning. Implemented on the request of Japanese people in Busan-pu, the urban plan was based on the so-called “Urban Plan of Busan,” which covered the planned districts including an expansion to Seo-myeon(12 ris), Dongnae-gun, the designation of residential, commercial and industrial areas within each district, and the infrastructure of transportation, ports, and hygiene facilities(waterworks and sewers). Its progress, however, did not happen due to the lack of concerned legislation. Its completion came later after the Ordinance on the Street Planning of Korea was proclaimed and the “decisions on the street planning of Busan” including the first expansion of municipal area were made. Accepting the previous urban planning, the street plan of Busan consisted only of planned districts within the further expanded municipal area, road networks across old and new towns, and land adjustment.
While focusing on the first expanded districts of municipal area unlike its predecessors, the new street plan followed them, as well, by expanding the space for industrialization including the plants owned by Japanese people in Busan-pu and driving Korean people out of the mountainous zones where their population was disorderly and dense and out of the agricultural zones in Seo-myeon in Busan. Its actual business was, however, restricted to the industrial zones as the logistics base for the Japanese empire to invade the continent. Japanese people living in Busan-pu once again insisted on the expansion of industrial zones to Dongnae and Haeundae, gathering together around Pu-Council and Chamber of Commerce and Industry. As a result, the secondary expansion of municipal area took place including almost all of Dongnae-gun including Dongnae-eup on October 1, 1942.
Local residents showed the following responses to those expansions of municipal area: the Japanese community in Busan-pu, who regarded the division of Busan-pu and Dongnae-gun after the introduction of Pu system in 1914 as the reduction of urban space and deterrence of urban development, proposed the expansion of municipal area to Dongnae-gun as an ideal direction of urbanization and demanded that the expansion of municipal area should continue along with the making of urban plans. They thus contributed to the inclusion of Seo-myeon and Songdo in Dongnae-gun in Busan-pu after the first expansion of municipal area and that of most of Dongnae-gun including Dongnae-eup and Haeundae after the second expansion.
The residents of Seo-myeon, which was to be included in Busan-pu after the first expansion of municipal area, were mostly Korean people that did farming and objected to the inclusion, being afraid of disadvantages of its inclusion in Busan-pu and arguing for the postponement of its inclusion.
Furthermore, they set up a Seo-myeon cooperative and made their own independent development policies and urban plans. The residents of Dongnae-up, which was to be included in Busan-pu after the second expansion of municipal area, were mostly Korean people and reacted to the expansion with their own urbanization. Their efforts seemed to be completed through the expansion of urban infrastructure including the street improvement of towns and the eupyeonghwa of Dongnae Spa. They, however, failed to control the spa resort and endure the rough wave of municipal area expansion. As a result, they were compelled to be included in Busan-pu, making a couple of wishes and hoping that the name "Dongnae" with its history would last.

참고자료

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