東南海岸地域 轉換期 無文土器의 系統과 特性 –蔚山地域을 中心으로– (A Study on Plain Coarse Potteries in Southeastern Coastal Areas in Bronze Age)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국상고사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국상고사학보 / 80권 / 80호 / 35 ~ 69페이지
· 저자명 : 정대봉

초록

한반도 남부지역 신석기시대~무문토기시대의 전환기 연구는 돌대문토기의 출현과 함께 양 시대의 과도기적 양상을 규명하고자하는 목적에서 비롯되어 조기가 설정되었으나, 현재는 그 의미가 다소 퇴색되어 최근 연구의 동향은 돌대문토기 자체의 편년과 계통을 구하고자 하는 방향으로 진행되고 있다. 그 결과 양 시대의 괴리는 더욱 심해져 현재 연구자들 간에 이 시기는 여전히‘missing link'로 인식되고 있는 실정이다.
하지만 최근의 자료에 의하면 중서부지역을 제외한 한반도 남부 각 지역에서 즐문토기와 무문토기가 공반하여 출토하고 있으며 공반되지 않는다하더라도 초창기 무문토기에서 즐문토기적 요소가 다수 확인되고 있다. 따라서 필자는 전국에서 확인되는 이러한 전환기 양상을‘시간적 지역차’로 인식하고 지역별 실정에 따라 재지 토기와의 관련성 여부에 연구의 초점을 두었다. 특히 동남해안지역이라는 지역적 공간은 지정학적으로 대륙의 극동남단에 위치하고 있어 그러한 지역차가 뚜렷하게 나타난다.
전형적인 돌대문토기가 확인되지 않는 동남해안지역에서 가장 이른 시기의 무문토기는 이중구연토기인데 본고에서는 이러한 이중구연토기의 분류와 편년을 통해 그 계통을 추적하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 동남해안지역의 이중구연토기의 형식분류 총 7단계, 문양분류 총 7단계로 분류·편년하여 조합하였으며 최종적으로 이를 반출하는 주거지와의 조합을 통해 총 4단계의 단계설정을 시도하였다. 또한 이러한 편년 및 단계설정 외에 이중구연토기의 제작방법을 통해서도 계통추적을 시도한 바, 무문토기시대 동남해안지역의 초창기 이중구연토기의 제작은 전환기 이 지역의 강력한 재지 토기인 율리식토기의 제작기반에 기인한 것임을 밝힐 수 있었다. 이렇듯 전환기적 요소를 간직한 토기를‘즐문계무문토기’로 정의하였으며 그 시간적 위치는 타 지역 돌대문토기문화 출현시기보다 한 단계 늦은 것으로 파악하였다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study was to identify the emergence process and background of plain coarse potteries in the southeastern coastal areas. Their emergence in the southern Korean peninsula during the transition period has been identified as northwestern potteries, such as the potteries with a notched raised band, and understood as the signaling remains and tools of initial cultures, along with large-scale square dwelling sites equipped with stone-lined hearth. However, double-rimmed potteries instead of potteries with a notched raised band were excavated in such forms of dwelling sites in southeastern coastal areas. It was believed that this was due to the differences in time and region that the northwestern potteries, namely the potteries with a notched raised band, appeared in the southeastern coastal areas, the geographically farthest areas, during the transmission process in the Korean peninsula. The double-rimmed potteries in the southeastern areas could be classified into a total of seven types. When considering the cross-sectional forms and jointing methods, it appeared that the most preceding type (I·II type) among them emerged based on the manufacturing traditions of southern coastal area based Yuli-line pottery neighboring, in terms of time and region. Namely, it was assumed that at the time when the potteries with a notched raised band influenced by the northwestern area style moved southward to the Korean peninsula, the tradition of Yuli-line potteries, the existing local potteries, remained in the southeastern areas located farthest from the northwestern areas.
This study called them ‘comb-pattern plain coarse potteries’and set up the initial period of plain coarse potteries in the southeastern areas, depending on the presence of these potteries. One of the most representative remains would be‘ Ulju Guyoung-ri Remains V-1 Zone.’As such comb-pattern plain coarse potteries became extinct, the early period of plain coarse potteries started. During the first half of the early period, Garakdong-line double-rimmed potteries were prevalent, and Heunamri potteries were also in part excavated. As of the second half of the early period, differentiation occurred in that Garakdong-and Heunamri-line potteries became more prevalent in Ulsan area, and Yeoksamdong-and Heunamri-line potteries became popular in Gyeongju area.
To conclude, it was found that the most earliest plain coarse potteries excavated in the southeastern coastal areas were the so-called comb-pattern plain coarse potteries and their lines could be traced from southern coastal area Yuli-line potteries at the end of the Neolithic Age. Depending on the presence of such comb-pattern plain coarse potteries, it was possible to establish the initial stage of potteries in such areas, and like other areas, Garakdong-, Yeoksamdong-and Heunamri-line potteries became mixed in the first half of the early period. It was confirmed that the forms of dwelling sites were changed from large-scale square and large-scale rectangle shapes in initial period to large-scale rectangle shapes in early period, in connection with the potteries. Namely, the initial period of plain coarse potteries in southeastern coastal areas was typical of the elements, such as the first stage double rimmed potteries and large-scale square dwelling sites, which could be understood as the specific regional characteristics of this period.

참고자료

· 없음