일제말 전시체제하 중등학교의 동원과 저항 -대구지역을 중심으로- (Wartime Mobilization and Resistance of Secondary School Students in the Late Japanese Imperial Rule in Korea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사교육학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사교육논집 / 40호 / 355 ~ 389페이지
· 저자명 : 권영배

초록

This manuscript examines Japan’s forcible mobilization of Korean secondary school students for a variety of labor necessary for its persecution of war in 1937-1945 and the students’ resistance against the Japanese efforts, centered on Daegu. Japan’s wartime mobilization of Korean secondary students was based on various laws and ordinances which were enacted by the Government General of Chosen and included mobilization for events, labor, military drills, and so on.
For the most part, students were mobilized for labor and military drills. Labor mobilization within the jurisdiction of Daegu-bu (city) was carried outfrom the summer vacation that began in July 1938. All secondary school students were forcibly mobilized. Labor mobilization was annual occurrence, and as the war situation was not going in Japan’s favor, it became further intense.
Poor working environment and meals provoked the students’ wrath. At first, mobilization was carried out in the summer vacation, but since 1939 it occurred constantly. Since 1944 on, legal holidays were repealed, and students were mobilized even on Sundays. Forced labor was used to increase production of foodstuff, produce munitions of war, construct military installations, and transport fuel.
Officers in active service were in charge of military drills in secondary schools as military instructors. A variety of drills such as inspections at military units and outfield maneuvers caused pain to the students. Intensive military drills were intended to bring up the so-called "warriors of the Imperial Army" who would be sent to the front line at any time.
Korean students offered resistance against forcible mobilization in various ways. Passive resistances included refusal to bow their heads at the time of warship at Japanese Shinto shrines, laying Japanese emperor’s picture on top of his consort’s picture at their lodgings, and production of inferior munitions. Active resistance included the "Uiheung incident,"(義興事件) in which Gyeseong SecondarySchool students escaped their workplace as a group twice in 1944 and 1945.
These incidents were ostensibly an expression of the students’ dissatisfaction with frequent mobilization for various events and bad working environment, but basically they symbolized Korean students’resistance against Japanese education to make them Japanese subjects and wartime mobilization. Therefore, Korean students’resistance against Japanese mobilization should be understood as an aspect of the anti-Japanese student movement under Japanese colonial rule.

영어초록

This manuscript examines Japan’s forcible mobilization of Korean secondary school students for a variety of labor necessary for its persecution of war in 1937-1945 and the students’ resistance against the Japanese efforts, centered on Daegu. Japan’s wartime mobilization of Korean secondary students was based on various laws and ordinances which were enacted by the Government General of Chosen and included mobilization for events, labor, military drills, and so on.
For the most part, students were mobilized for labor and military drills. Labor mobilization within the jurisdiction of Daegu-bu (city) was carried outfrom the summer vacation that began in July 1938. All secondary school students were forcibly mobilized. Labor mobilization was annual occurrence, and as the war situation was not going in Japan’s favor, it became further intense.
Poor working environment and meals provoked the students’ wrath. At first, mobilization was carried out in the summer vacation, but since 1939 it occurred constantly. Since 1944 on, legal holidays were repealed, and students were mobilized even on Sundays. Forced labor was used to increase production of foodstuff, produce munitions of war, construct military installations, and transport fuel.
Officers in active service were in charge of military drills in secondary schools as military instructors. A variety of drills such as inspections at military units and outfield maneuvers caused pain to the students. Intensive military drills were intended to bring up the so-called "warriors of the Imperial Army" who would be sent to the front line at any time.
Korean students offered resistance against forcible mobilization in various ways. Passive resistances included refusal to bow their heads at the time of warship at Japanese Shinto shrines, laying Japanese emperor’s picture on top of his consort’s picture at their lodgings, and production of inferior munitions. Active resistance included the "Uiheung incident,"(義興事件) in which Gyeseong SecondarySchool students escaped their workplace as a group twice in 1944 and 1945.
These incidents were ostensibly an expression of the students’ dissatisfaction with frequent mobilization for various events and bad working environment, but basically they symbolized Korean students’resistance against Japanese education to make them Japanese subjects and wartime mobilization. Therefore, Korean students’resistance against Japanese mobilization should be understood as an aspect of the anti-Japanese student movement under Japanese colonial rule.

참고자료

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