만암과 고불총림의 역사적 위상 (Manam Jongheon and The Gobulchongrim’s historical status)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국선학회
· 수록지 정보 : 禪學(선학) / 69호 / 35 ~ 64페이지
· 저자명 : 한상길

초록

이‌글은‌만암과‌고불총림의‌역사적‌위상을‌이해하는‌데‌목적이‌있다.‌이를‌위해‌그의‌위상을‌이해하는‌5개의‌개념을‌설정하였다.‌민족‌교육,‌포교‌활동,‌불교사‌인식,‌계율‌정신,‌그리고‌자립‌정신이다.‌일제강점기의‌억압에‌맞서‌학교를‌설립하여‌우리의‌언어와‌ 지리를‌가르치는‌것은‌민족‌정신이다.‌만암은‌조선의‌중세적‌전통에서‌수학하였지만,‌ 젊은‌청년들에게‌신식‌학문과‌산업‌지식을‌전수하고,‌도심지에‌포교당을‌운영한‌것은‌ 근대적‌포교‌의지의‌발로이다.‌도의국사를‌추모하고‌태고‌보우를‌종조로‌추대하는‌강한‌ 신념은‌투철한‌불교사‌인식이다.‌예불과‌의례,‌법의에‌대한‌철저한‌규정은‌투철한‌계율‌ 정신이다.‌그리고‌마지막으로‌고불총림의‌설립과‌운영은‌이상적‌승가공동체를‌실현하려는‌승가의‌자립‌정신이라고‌할‌수‌있다.‌ 만암은‌광성의숙을‌설립하여‌승가교육의‌근대화를‌추진하면서‌승속을‌망라한‌민족‌교육을‌감행하였다.‌광성의숙에서‌수학한‌여러‌인물들이‌백양사의‌포교와‌교육‌등을‌이끌어가는‌인물로‌성장하는‌선순환의‌결과를‌가져왔다.‌만암은‌불교의‌대중화를‌위해‌포교를‌중시하였다.‌포교당은‌백양사‌근대불교의‌시작이면서‌고불총림‌조직과‌운영의‌중요한‌요소였다.‌가정을‌이룬‌승려를‌호법중(護法衆)으로‌수용하여‌이들의‌제1‌소임을‌포교사라고‌하였다.‌이들의‌활동‌등으로‌제주도에는‌본산‌가운데‌가장‌많은‌26개소의‌포교당이‌활동하면서‌제주불교를‌부흥하는‌결정적‌역할을‌하였다.‌만암은‌한국불교의‌종조에‌대한‌명확하고‌투철한‌역사인식을‌지니고‌있었다.‌도의국사를‌‘한국불교‌선종의‌국조’로‌추앙하면서‌백양사에‌도의영각을‌설립하였다.‌만암은‌왜색불교가‌만연하는‌현실에서‌청규와‌지계를‌철저히‌실천하였고,‌반농반선의‌자립‌정신을‌실천하였다.‌일제강점기‌수탈과‌억압에‌시달리는‌현실에서‌승가와‌중생의‌상생‌방안을‌수행과‌노동의‌병행에서‌찾았다.‌이러한‌생산불교는‌출가자의‌본분인‌중생‌구제의‌또다른‌방편이었다.‌

영어초록

To understand the historical status of Manam Jongheon and The Gobulchongrim,‌five concepts were established.‌The five concepts are national education,‌ dharma preaching,‌awareness of Buddhist history,‌the spirit of precepts,‌and the spirit of self-reliance.‌It is the national spirit to establish schools and teach our language and geography in the face of the oppression of the Japanese colonial period.‌ Although Manam studied in the medieval traditions of Joseon,‌he imparted modern academic and industrial knowledge to young men and Buddhist monks.‌In addition,‌operating a temple in the city was a manifestation of the will to spread modern Christianity.
The missionary temples was the beginning of modern Buddhism at Baekyangsa Temple and was an important element in the organization and operation of the Gobulchongrim.‌The monks who had formed families were accepted as dharma protectors,‌and their first duty was to be missionaries.‌Due to their activities,‌26‌missionary temples were active in Jeju Island,‌the largest number among the‌31‌main temples,‌playing a decisive role in the revival of Buddhism in Jeju.‌He had a clear and thorough understanding of the history of the founder of Korean Buddhism.‌Considering the fact that he designated Doui-guksa National Master as the founder of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism when it was launched in‌1962,‌his historical awareness was a very pioneering vision.
In a reality where Japanese Buddhism was prevalent,‌Manam thoroughly practiced the rules and precepts,‌ practiced the spirit of self-reliance by practicing Buddhism and labor at the same time.‌In the reality of suffering from exploitation and oppression during the Japanese colonial period,‌ he sought a way for the monks and citizens to coexist through the parallel practice of practice and labor.‌This type of labor Buddhism was another means of saving peoples,‌which was the duty of a monk.

참고자료

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