농지전용이 농촌지역 사회에 미치는 영향-완주군 구이면 계곡리를 사례로- (Impact of Farmland Conversion on the Agricultural Community-With Reference to Gyegok-ri, Gui-myeon of Wanju-gun-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국농촌사회학회
· 수록지 정보 : 농촌사회 / 19권 / 1호 / 213 ~ 239페이지
· 저자명 : 장동헌

초록

본 연구는 사례지역을 통한 농지전용에 의한 실태를 통해서 농지전용의 원인, 인접농지에의 영향과 마을주민과의 관계 형성, 농촌지역에 미치는 영향 등의 실태파악을 하였다. 사례지역의 분석 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 사례지역의 농지전용은 농업인과 도시민에 의해서 이루어졌지만, 주로 도시민에 의한 농지전용이 많았다. 도시민의 경우 사례지역과의 연고를 갖고 있는 것이 특징으로 나타났다. 또한 농지전용이 이루어진 위치가 교통이 편리한 도로변이었다. 이러한 농지전용이 이루어진 곳의 인접농지들은 대부분 지가가 높게 형성되고 있었다. 둘째, 사례지역의 마을중 원계곡의 경우 마을내에서 가축사육을 위한 축산 등을 규제하고 있었다. 이는 마을 주민과 이장 그리고 마을의 발전위원회에서 농지전용시 마을의 환경을 악화시키는 경우 회의 등을 통해 자체적으로 규제를 하는 형태를 취하고 있다는 점이다. 셋째, 사례지역의 농지전용은 주로 2006년과 2007년이었는데, 이는 2006년 1월 농지법 개정으로 인한 농지전용부담금이 공시지가의 30%로 결정된 것이 주 요인으로 작용한 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 농지전용이 농촌지역사회에 미치는 영향에 있어서 지역경제 중 고용부분은 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 사례지역에 있어서도 식당, 공장 등이 지역주민의 고용의 형태로 지속성을 보이기는 어려운 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 인접 농지에 미치는 영향으로는 토사붕괴에 의한 흙의 유입이나 축사신축으로 인한 악취 발생 등의 마찰과 주변 농업환경의 악화, 인접 농지의 가격상승의 결과를 가져왔다. 다섯째, 부정적 시각과 긍정적 시각의 공존은 결국 전용자와 주민들간의 관계에서 발생하였는데, 농지 전용자가 지역주민들과 지속적인 관계를 유지하려는 노력을 하는 경우는 농촌사회에 있어서 원만한 관계가 지속되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이 점에서 향후 농지 전용자와 마을주민 등이 상호이해 할 수 있는 노력들이 있어야 할 것이다.

영어초록

This study aimed to identify the reasons for farmland conversion and impact of farmland conversion on neighboring farmlands and formation of relationship with village residents as well as on the agricultural community by examining the circumstances created by farmland conversion in the reference region. By providing basic data for farmland conversion in the reference region, it was intended to discuss the significance of farmland conversion accordingly. Details of analysis on the reference region are summarized as of the following.
First, while farmland conversion in the reference region was carried out by farmers and urban residents, a majority of farmland conversions was administered mainly by urban residents. The urban residents characteristically had connections with the reference region. From this perspective, it was deduced that farmland conversion was carried out in areas with which the urban residents had a certain degree of connection, rater than in areas where there were no connections at all. In addition, the locations of the areas where farmland conversion took place were adjacent to roads with convenient traffic. This was supported by the fact that the reference region was close to Jeonju, Gimje and Jeongeup, etc. and that the use of farmland conversion was frequently as a site for factories or neighborhood convenience facilities, etc. Land price of the farmlands adjacent to such areas where farmland conversion took place was mostly formed at a high level.
Second, in case of Wongyegok among the villages of the reference region, there were regulations on livestock farming, etc. for stock breeding within the village. These are in the form of autonomous regulations drawn up through meetings, etc. of village residents, village chief and the village's development committee in case farmland conversion has the possibility to aggravate environments of the village. This will enable to minimize negative impact of farmland conversion on the agricultural community, in other words, on residents, village and the community, etc.
Third, while the farmland conversion in the reference region took place in 2006 and 2007, the major reason for this was determination of the farmland conversion share at 30% of the declared land price due to amendment of the Farmland Act on January 2006. As it was changed from the conventional method of imposing the alternative farmland development cost to 30% of the individual declared land price, the share has decreased for trading of farmlands in areas where the declared land price was lower.
Fourth, in terms of the impact of farmland conversion on the agricultural community, the impact on employment among the factors of local economy was found not to be significant. In the reference region, it was also identified difficult for jobs in restaurants and factories, etc. to maintain continuity as the employment type for local residents. In addition, the impact exerted on the adjacent farmlands led to such conflicts as inflow of soil due to collapse of earth and sand and generation of bad odor due to new installation of cattle sheds as well as aggravation of farming environments in the surrounding regions and increase in the adjacent farmland price.
Fifth, the coexistence of negative and positive viewpoints was fundamentally generated from the relationship between the farmland converting party and local residents. When the farmland converting party made an effort to keep the continuous relationship with local residents, it was found that successful relationship was maintained within the agricultural community. From this perspective, efforts will be required for mutual understanding between these two parties in order for continuous maintenance of the agricultural community in the future.

참고자료

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