中華人民共和國 초기 종교적 자선단체의 淸算 ― 青島와 上海의 道院 및 世界紅卍字會를 중심으로 ― (The Dissolution of local religious charity organizations in early People’s Republic of China — The cases of the World Red Swakstika Societies in the city of Qingdao and Shanghai —)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국근현대사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국근현대사연구 / 74호 / 99 ~ 126페이지
· 저자명 : 채준형

초록

This article focuses on the mode of state control over urban religious charity organization in the early People’s Republic of China. The leaders of the WRSS in Qingdao and Shanghai equally held optimistic views about expanding their congregations after the Sino-Japanese war.  However, The WRSS was gradually losing its initiative as a local welfare provider as the Chinese socialist state returned to power in the urban area. The Chinese Communist Party proclaimed that social welfare and relief should be one of the primary agenda of the new socialist state’s economic policy. The contribution from private religious charity organizations could be welcomed in theory, yet charity emanating out from one’s moral or religious obligation was ultimately incongruent with the state’s policy and could not exist in the socialist regime. In the end, it was the state that was supposed to control all the work formerly related to civil relief and philanthropy. The new People’s Republic government delayed the issuance of an official registration for Daoyuan as a lawful religious group.
To survive repressive conditions, Daoyuan and WRSS members had to redefine their group identity. While waiting two years for official recognition from the new government, the leaders were eager to remove all vestiges of religious trappings from the group. By so doing, they hoped, at least, the WRSS could be registered as a secular civil philanthropic organization. The situation was not completely new for them because they had previously had to hide their religious identity when the Nationalist Government was established in 1928. However, they never expected that there would be no such room for civil services in the private sector to remain under the new regime. Daoyuan and its charity organization disappeared from mainland China after 1954. The hospitals, schools and other facilities formerly operated by the WRSS were all nationalized.

영어초록

This article focuses on the mode of state control over urban religious charity organization in the early People’s Republic of China. The leaders of the WRSS in Qingdao and Shanghai equally held optimistic views about expanding their congregations after the Sino-Japanese war.  However, The WRSS was gradually losing its initiative as a local welfare provider as the Chinese socialist state returned to power in the urban area. The Chinese Communist Party proclaimed that social welfare and relief should be one of the primary agenda of the new socialist state’s economic policy. The contribution from private religious charity organizations could be welcomed in theory, yet charity emanating out from one’s moral or religious obligation was ultimately incongruent with the state’s policy and could not exist in the socialist regime. In the end, it was the state that was supposed to control all the work formerly related to civil relief and philanthropy. The new People’s Republic government delayed the issuance of an official registration for Daoyuan as a lawful religious group.
To survive repressive conditions, Daoyuan and WRSS members had to redefine their group identity. While waiting two years for official recognition from the new government, the leaders were eager to remove all vestiges of religious trappings from the group. By so doing, they hoped, at least, the WRSS could be registered as a secular civil philanthropic organization. The situation was not completely new for them because they had previously had to hide their religious identity when the Nationalist Government was established in 1928. However, they never expected that there would be no such room for civil services in the private sector to remain under the new regime. Daoyuan and its charity organization disappeared from mainland China after 1954. The hospitals, schools and other facilities formerly operated by the WRSS were all nationalized.

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