동아시아 문화교류의 다양한 층위(層位)와 데이터베이스 구축의 필요성 (The Various Shapes of East Asian Cultural Interaction andthe Necessity of Establishing the Database)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한민족어문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한민족어문학(구 영남어문학) / 66호 / 323 ~ 350페이지
· 저자명 : 허경진

초록

임진왜란(壬辰倭亂, 1592) 이후에 중국과 일본의 공식적인 외교가 단절되었다. 그러나 한국과 일본은 여전히 공식적인 외교관계를 유지하였고, 에도막부(江戶幕府)의 장군이 즉위할 때마다 축하사절인 통신사(通信使)를 파견했다. 통신사를 통해서 일본은 조선의 문화뿐만 아니라 중국의 문화도 계속 받아들였다. 류큐(琉球) 왕국도 에도막부에 사절단을 파견했다. 동아시아의 동쪽 끝나라 일본과 류큐의 문화가 조선의 통신사를 통해서 중국 북경을 거쳐 서쪽 끝나라 베트남까지 이어졌다.
이 여러 나라의 언어(言語)는 각기 달랐지만, 한자(漢字)라는 공동문자를 통해서 다양한 형태로 문화를 교류했다. 서적을 통한 간접교류로 시작하여 사행(使行)과 표류(漂流)를 통한 직접교류, 필담과 척독을 통한 문학 교류에 이르기까지, 한자 기록을 통한 동아시아인들의 문화교류는 다섯 가지 층위로 이루어졌다. 이같이 복잡다단한 문화교류 양상을 언어와 문자가 다른 현대의 여러 나라 학자들이 공동 연구하려면 디지털 데이터베이스를 구축하여 한문 원문과 다양한 이미지를 서로 제공하고, 같은 공간에서 의견을 교환하며 연구를 진행하는 것이 효과적이다.

영어초록

One of the most dominating characteristics among Eastern Asian countries is that they used Chinese characters for centuries. This shared feature allowed them to overcome the language barrier and enabled the brisk cultural exchange concerning study-abroad and books. In the Ming Dynasty, only the envoys(使臣) and the drifted(漂流人) could experience life in foreign country due to the block of the free traffic imposed by foreigners. In order to convey what they have experienced overseas to the nation and neighbors, they recorded the full particulars in the form of a journal of envoy(使行錄) or a document of drift(漂流記).
While the envoys shuttled between the capitals of the two countries following the designated path, the drifted unintentionally experienced the very isolated region even without a interpreter(譯官). As a result, the documents of drift hold up a true mirror to the region which a journal of envoy cannot present. As the drifted gave general description(供述) of their documents to both civil servants in the land they reached and Chosun, it is possible to confirm the accuracy of the documents by comparing these two records.
Compared with the journal of the envoy that was written unilaterally after they returned, the record of the conversation by writing(筆談) secures more reliability in the fact that it was recorded bilaterally, both by a foreign traveler and a local. The documents of the conversation by writing conducted in China by Korean were compiled as the part of the travelogue of Hong Dae-Yong(洪大容) and Park Ji-won (朴趾源) and failed to become widely known in China. On the contrary, the records of the conversation of writing carried out in Japan were promptly published by Japanese publisher and were widely read. More than two hundred kinds of collection of these records of conversation by writing are prominent in that they are the bilateral record of intellectuals from both Korea and Japan.
While this document of conversation by writing can be summarized as a record of meeting each other in fixed time and place, the letter(尺牘) is a record of cultural exchange undeterred by temporal and spatial limitations. Owing to this feature, the letter even broadens the horizon of cultural interchange. In order to conduct overall research on the East Asian cultural interaction carried out in various levels as mentioned above, it is fundamental to build the database of visual materials.
The DB will allow world-wide scholars to feel free from language barriers to research of East Asian cultural interaction.

참고자료

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