<批評論文> 朝鮮前期 對女眞 貿易 (A Study on the Trade with Jurchens in the Early Joseon Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사교육연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사교육 / 159호 / 347 ~ 365페이지
· 저자명 : 山本進, 김성현

초록

After the abolition of the trade offices in Gyeongseong and Gyeongwon in 1406 Joseon did not open a mutual market at the border to prevent the outflow of iron from strengthening Jurchen's agricultural productivity and military power. The trade with Jurchen until the Sejo period was limited to that of the Jurchen envoys. In addition, Korean military commanders and Jurchen chiefs sometimes exchanged gifts at the northern border. The possibility of smuggling iron has been pointed out since the Sejong period, but the Joseon government believed that it was impossible for Jurchen to forge steel arrowheads and armors from cast iron pots, cauldrons and plows.
From around the 1470s, when sable came into fashion among the elite of Ming and Joseon, smuggling of sable and iron became active. Because Ming tightened the export ban on iron, Jurchen again sought mutual markets from Joseon, so in 1482 trade began in Manpo to conciliate them. However, the export products were limited to salt and cloth and iron was blocked, so it was nominal from the beginning.
By this time Jurchens were already able to melt cast iron products and forge steel arrowheads, and that information was also passed on to Joseon government. But because they themselves did not know that smelting cast iron could be processed into steel, the weight was reduced to less than a quarter during the smelting process, and forging technology of Jurchen was not as high as that of Ming and Joseon, awareness of crisis about Jurchen did not continue in Joseon. In the 16th century iron smuggling became more active, and Ming partially allowed the export of cast iron products. Even in Joseon the embargo on iron products has not been on the agenda since the latter half of Jungjong period.

영어초록

After the abolition of the trade offices in Gyeongseong and Gyeongwon in 1406 Joseon did not open a mutual market at the border to prevent the outflow of iron from strengthening Jurchen's agricultural productivity and military power. The trade with Jurchen until the Sejo period was limited to that of the Jurchen envoys. In addition, Korean military commanders and Jurchen chiefs sometimes exchanged gifts at the northern border. The possibility of smuggling iron has been pointed out since the Sejong period, but the Joseon government believed that it was impossible for Jurchen to forge steel arrowheads and armors from cast iron pots, cauldrons and plows.
From around the 1470s, when sable came into fashion among the elite of Ming and Joseon, smuggling of sable and iron became active. Because Ming tightened the export ban on iron, Jurchen again sought mutual markets from Joseon, so in 1482 trade began in Manpo to conciliate them. However, the export products were limited to salt and cloth and iron was blocked, so it was nominal from the beginning.
By this time Jurchens were already able to melt cast iron products and forge steel arrowheads, and that information was also passed on to Joseon government. But because they themselves did not know that smelting cast iron could be processed into steel, the weight was reduced to less than a quarter during the smelting process, and forging technology of Jurchen was not as high as that of Ming and Joseon, awareness of crisis about Jurchen did not continue in Joseon. In the 16th century iron smuggling became more active, and Ming partially allowed the export of cast iron products. Even in Joseon the embargo on iron products has not been on the agenda since the latter half of Jungjong period.

참고자료

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