21세기 일본의 ‘헤이트스피치’와 1923년관동대지진 시 한인 학살범의 논리 고찰 (A Comparative Study on the Hate Speech of Japan in the 21st century and the Korean Massacre during the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한일민족문제학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓日民族問題硏究 / 33호 / 243 ~ 271페이지
· 저자명 : 김광열

초록

本稿では、21世紀日本でヘイト·スピーチを主導するグループの主張と1923 年関東大震災時に朝鮮人を虐殺した犯人たちの自己弁明を比較検討し、それ からどのような共通性が読み取れるのかを考察してみた。 2010年頃から日本の都市部では新種右翼によるヘイト·スピーチが続いてい る。彼らは在日コリアンの置かれる法的地位や行政的処遇に関して誤解をし、 酷く差別的で低俗な言説を用いて朝鮮人を排斥せねばならないという。毎週の ように繰り広げる最近のヘイト·デモに注目すると、在日コリアンを含む外国人に 「犯罪者が多い」から日本から追い出さなければならないと主張する。しかし日 本の法務省が公表する犯罪関連の統計をみると、そのような主張は全く根拠の ないデマであることが確認できる。つまり、ヘイト·デモ隊は在日コリアンが「日 本人共同体」に危害を与えるだけの存在であるというデマを一般日本人に拡散 させている。 一方、1923年9月の関東大震災時に朝鮮人を虐殺した犯人はどのような自 己弁明をしていたのか検討してみた。当時日本政府は「朝鮮人が暴動、放火」 というデマを流すと共に、戒厳令を布告して軍事力による秩序維持を強制した。 そして官製のデマを狂信した民間自警団は敵がい心に捕らわれ数多くの朝鮮人 を虐殺した。1923年10月から虐殺の犯人たちは逮捕されたが、当時の新聞記事を通じて事件担当の検察の立場や犯人たちの自己弁明の論理がうかがえ る。犯人たちは無実な朝鮮人たちを虐殺しておきながら、犯罪を反省するよりも 自分達の行動が「愛郷心」とか「愛国心」によって「日本人共同体」を守ろうとした ものであると弁明をしていた。すなわち、犯人たちはデマを信じて朝鮮人が自分 達の共同体に害を与える危険な存在であると判断して殺害をしたという。検察は そういう過剰な「共同体保護意識」を楯にして自己弁明をする犯人たちに同情を よせていた。 以上で検討したことをもって総合的に言えることは、日本に居住するコリアンは 1920年代も現在も依然と日本人共同体に受け入れることができない厄介者とし て扱われていると言えよう。特に「在特会」に代表される現在日本の新種右翼は 在日コリアンに対して被害妄想に基づく排外主義のデマを日常の生活空間のな かで日本人一般に拡散させるデモを行っている。

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to examine the reasoning behind the excuses of criminals who massacred Koreans during the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 and the logic of the group of chauvinism that led the demonstration of hate speech in Japan in the 21st century, and it is in grasping what it means.
Looking at the demonstrations related to the hate speech of the new exclusivists of Japanese style such as Zaitokukai which has started growing in Japan since 2010, they have been misunderstanding the legal and administrative treatment about the Korean residents in Japan. For these reasons, it has confirmed that they have a deep sense of discrimination and aversion to Koreans.
And on the based on the misunderstanding, they spreaded false testimonies that most Koreans are criminals, which is different from the truth at all. In addition, they insisted on rejecting foreigners including Korean residents.
However, in light of the crime statistics of the Ministry of Justice of Japan, the claim is groundless. Their argument is that Koreans living in Japan are only a disturbing presence in ‘the Japanese community’. It can be said that there is the extreme chauvinism of letting them go out of Japan.
In 1923, the results of the review of the self-excuse made by the slaughterers of the Great Kanto Earthquake are as follows. At that time, the Japanese government promoted a large-scale massacre by spreading the testimonies such as “Korean rebellion, arson” to avoid the criticism of civilian, and later proclaimed martial law aimed at maintaining order by military forces.
The vigilante members, who are obsessed with the rumor, ruthlessly carried out the massacre with hostility toward the immigrants, especially the Koreans. Since October 1923, slaughterers have been arrested and prosecuted in various parts of the Kanto region of Japan. However, the newspaper article that covered the trial situation showed only the position of the prosecutors who had to make judicial measures and the logic of the excuse for the slaughterers.
In this article rather than condemn the brutal slaughterers, they conveyed slaughterers’ own excuse that the massacre had been carried out due to ‘affection’ or ‘patriotism’. In other words, the slaughterers put an excessive ‘consciousness of community protection’ on the front, believing in false testimonies and judged the Koreans as harmful to the Japanese community.
So that was why they were defending themselves against killing Koreans inevitably. And the prosecutors were acquiescing in them.
Since the cause of the massacre was the rumors originally promoted by the authorities, it was presumed that slaughterers expressed their sympathy to the Japanese people’s psychology that they believed unquestioningly.
Through the above, it can be seen that the Korean people living in Japan are still being treated and rejected as ‘outsiders’ of the Japanese community by the Japanese exclusivism in the 1920s or until even now.
However, the exclusivists were not only caught up in delusional nationalism that Japan had faced some crisis situation, but also raising the Japanese an extremely discretionary and discriminative perception that in particular Koreans among ethnic minorities that lived in Japan are “outsiders harmful to the Japanese community”.

참고자료

· 없음